• Home-Based Pilot Intervention to Improve Quality of Life and Related Outcomes among Unpaid Caregivers and Their Care-Recipients with Visual Impairments. The study revealed many positive outcomes in the quality of life and well-being of the participants following the 10-week multi-modal intervention which included Tai Chi. These results represent a promising program for unpaid caregivers of older adults with visual impairments.
• Value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for diagnosing sarcopenia in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and efficacy of Baduanjin exercise combined with nutritional support. Muscular strength can be enhanced and inflammation decreased in sarcopenia patients through nutritional support and physical exercise, i.e., Baduanjin exercise.
• Participant Perspectives on Community Qigong for People with Multiple Sclerosis. Qigong is a self-care practice that may benefit people with MS. 
• Epigenomic impacts of meditative practices. The author argues that meditative practices, which include Qigong and Tai Chi, are potent in altering the epigenome - dynamically and by inducing long-term changes. This suggests the importance of integrating mindfulness practices into mainstream medicine.
• GET FIT: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Tai Ji Quan Versus Strength Training for Fall Prevention After Chemotherapy in Older, Postmenopausal Women Cancer Survivors. 
• Tai Chi exercise improves working memory capacity and emotion regulation ability in college students. The authors suggest those adolescents who are experiencing volatile moods and poor emotion regulation attend regular Tai Chi classes, which could contribute to their emotional health. The full PMC article has a very well written 5 paragraph `Discussion’ pertaining to the integrative principles of Tai Chi practice as not merely a sequence of range of motion `exercises’.
• Clinical Outcomes Following Exercise Rehabilitation in People with Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review. Conclusion: In people with multimorbidity, exercise rehabilitation including Tai Chi improved exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and cardiometabolic outcomes.
• Traditional fitness Qigong wins hearts of young Chinese
• On the road to resilience: Epigenetic effects of meditation. At the molecular level, the effects of both stress and meditation are elicited epigenetically through a set of mechanisms that regulate gene expression as well as the circulating neuroendocrine and immune effectors. Epigenetic mechanisms constantly reshape genome activities in response to external stimuli, representing a molecular interface between organism and environment. In the present work, we aimed to review the current knowledge on the correlation between epigenetics, gene expression, stress and its possible antidote, meditation.
• A comparison between effects of Square-Stepping Exercise and Tai Chi Chuan on functional fitness and fear of falling in older women. Conclusion: Our findings showed that both TCC and SSE interventions improved functional fitness and fear of falling. The TCC is more effective than SSE, though the latter is easier to learn and perform.
• Global trends of traditional Chinese exercises for musculoskeletal disorders treatment research from 2000 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Traditional Chinese exercise (Tai Chi and Qigong) has been shown to be effective in relieving long-term chronic pain, physical dysfunction, decreased ability to participate in society and decreased quality of life in musculoskeletal diseases. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in publications on the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders by traditional Chinese exercises. The purpose of this study is to review the characteristics and trends of Chinese traditional exercise studies on musculoskeletal diseases published since 2000 through bibliometric analysis, and identify current research hotspots, so as to guide the direction of future research.
• Effect and Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine Exercise Therapy on Stroke Recovery. Stroke is currently the second largest contributor to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in developing countries, and it is the third largest contributor to DALYs in developed countries. It requires a large number of resources from the health care system every year, which places a great burden on society, families, and individuals. Treatment of stroke recovery mainly includes Tai Chi and various Qigong forms (Baduanjin, Daoyin, Yi Jin Jing, Five Animal Frolics, and Six Healing Sounds) which can effectively improve motor function, balance and coordination ability, cognitive dysfunction, nerve function, depression or emotional state, daily living ability, and so on after stroke. 
• Effects of 12-week Tai Chi program on physical function, depression, and quality of life among cognitively impaired older adults: a feasibility study. Conclusion: TCM has the potential to improve physical functioning and QoL.
• Effects of Tai Chi Yunshou on upper-limb function and balance in stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: TCY may benefit balance and ADLs in rehabilitation after a stroke. 
• Exercise sustains motor function in Parkinson's disease: Evidence from 109 randomized controlled trials on over 4,600 patients. The results of meta-regression revealed that chronic exercise, including Qigong, delays the progression of PD motor, mobility, and balance decline. The results from network meta-analyses also suggest that Qigong may have specific benefit in improving hand function. Qigong and cycling emerged from the network meta-analysis as the most likely to improve manual dexterity.
• Evidence for Choosing Qigong as an Integrated Intervention in Cancer Care: An Umbrella Review. Qigong practice can moderate non-intrinsic, modifiable risk factors that act on the stress response using physical movements, breathing, and focused attention. Qigong is a safe practice that can be used even by frail patients. The overall quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, and cognitive impairment were improved by Qigong. Different Qigong programs have different impacts on sleep quality and gastrointestinal problems, suggesting that longer practice sessions are required to achieve improvements. To maintain Qigong's effectiveness, an ordinary practice is essential, or such effectiveness will wear off.
• Tai Chi Exercise for Mental and Physical Well-Being in Patients with Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.  Tai Chi showed improvements in mental and physical well-being as evidenced by the reductions in depression and anxiety and improved quality of life (QOL) of the patients with depressive symptoms.
• Effects of Tai Chi on Sleep Quality as Well as Depression and Anxiety in Insomnia Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Tai chi exercise has a good preventive and ameliorating effect on insomnia, which can relieve patients' depression and anxiety, simultaneously enhancing various functions of the body. 
• Association between Tai Chi Yuttari Exercise and Longevity and Prevention of Long-Term Care (LTC) Need: Survival Analysis in Kitakata City, Japan. Kitakata City in Fukushima Prefecture developed Tai Chi Yuttari (“Yuttari” means “relaxed” or “slowly” in Japanese) exercise classes for slightly frail older people to prevent deterioration of physical function and the need for LTC.
• Using remotely delivered Spring Forest Qigong™ to reduce neuropathic pain in adults with spinal cord injury: A non-randomized controlled trial. This is a preprint not yet peer-reviewed by a journal. Conclusions and relevance: Our preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility of Qigong practice in adults with SCI-related neuropathic pain and promising results of neuropathic pain relief and improvement in SCI-related symptoms after Qigong practice.
• Effect of weight-bearing Liuzijue Qigong on cardiopulmonary function. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of weight-bearing Liuzijue Qigong on cardiopulmonary function in healthy volunteers. Conclusion: Weight-bearing Liuzijue Qigong training significantly improved cardiopulmonary function in healthy volunteers, thus representing home-based cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training.
• Identifying body awareness-related brain network changes after Spring Forest Qigong™ practice or P.Volve low-intensity exercise in adults with chronic low back pain: a feasibility Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial. 
• Effects of "Taking the Waist as the Axis" Therapy on trunk postural control disorder after stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Sufficient attention to trunk rehabilitation after stroke is still lacking. Loss of trunk selective activity is considered to be the leading cause of trunk postural control disorder after stroke. "Taking the Waist as the Axis" Therapy (WAT) was developed as a combination of the concept of "Taking the Waist as the Axis" from Tai Chi and the rehabilitation of trunk dysfunction after stroke. Conclusion: WAT was an effective trunk treatment after stroke, which significantly improved the patients' trunk posture control ability, motor function and forced vital capacity.
• Efficacy of Tai Chi on lower limb function of Parkinson's disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: TC has beneficial effects on motor function, balance function, functional walking ability, and gait velocity.
• The Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Compared with the use of antihypertensive drugs alone or in health education, the addition of Chinese traditional exercises showed significant effects in regulating the SBP and DBP levels in hypertensive patients. In addition, the study found that for the treatment of hypertension, most of the Chinese traditional exercises are Taijiquan and Baduanjin, while other types of sports such as Wuqinxi, Liuzijue, Yijinjing, and other tests are rare. Moreover, according to the analysis of reduced subgroup heterogeneity, it is suggested that future exercise prescription formulation can be TCE vs. nonintervention, TCE + health education vs. health education, and intervention prescription design of TCE + AHD vs. AHD, which can better reflect the effect of traditional exercise on hypertensive patients.
• The Effect of Meditation-Based Mind-Body Interventions on Symptoms and Executive Function in People With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. MBIs, including Tai Chi and Qigong, have a significant improvement relative to the control condition.
• Effects of exercise on sleep in perimenopausal women: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Qigong is among the types of exercise that had significant effects on the sleep quality and insomnia symptoms in perimenopausal women. Subgroup analysis showed that fitness Qigong with a period of 10 to 12 weeks, a frequency of more than 3 times a week, and a duration of each time of 30 to 60 min was the most effective in improving sleep.
• The effects of Tai Chi on physical function and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Tai Chi is safe for RA patients.  
• Is physical activity effective against cancer-related fatigue in lung cancer patients? An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Tai Chi and breathing exercises are among the physical activities helpful for cancer-related fatigue and have been shown to improve fatigue. According to the different treatment methods and disease stages of patients, individualized rehabilitation programs should be developed for patients. 
• Can Qigong Be a Tool to Assist Students in Handling COVID-19's Resulting Academic Stress? There were improvements in specific auditory processing and reaction times that may indicate benefits in attention and learning capacity. These improvements were more pronounced in the experimental Qigong group compared to the sham Qigong group. Qigong may be able to assist in improving students' academic performance and can be easily integrated into physical education classes. It could also assist students to cope with the increased academic pressure resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic context.
• The effect of Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi on college students' anxiety and depression: A randomized, controlled pilot study.  In this pilot study with college students, Tai Chi alleviated anxiety and depression. Bafa Wubu (aka "Eight Methods and Five Steps") Tai Chi was very recently created by the General Administration of Sport in China as an introductory Tai Chi form and simple health practice. It is based on Tai Chi fundamentals common to the five schools of Tai Chi, namely, the Eight Energies: Peng, Lu, Ji, An, Cai, Lie, Zhou, and Kao. For more info on Bafa Wubu, see https://tundeworld.com/Bafa-Wubu-of-Tai-Chi-Eight-Methods-and-Five-Steps.
• Mitigating effects and mechanisms of Tai Chi on mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Tai Chi can improve cognitive functions and alleviate the accompanying symptoms of MCI in the elderly potentially by activating the expression of signals in different brain regions, altering their connectivity, increasing the brain volume, and modulating brain-derived neurotropic and inflammation factors. Studies comparing various types of Tai Chi may contribute to the identification of paradigms that have appropriate intensities and difficulty and exert good effects on older people with MCI.
• Recent Progress in Mind-Body Therapies in Cancer Care. MBT studies continue to struggle with methodological issues such as intervention standardization, facilitator training, small sample sizes, and short follow-up. Accumulating evidence supports the use of MBTs for people with cancer. 
• Effects of exercise or tai chi on Internet addiction in college students and the potential role of gut microbiota: A randomized controlled trial
• Mindful Movement Intervention Applied to at Risk Urban School Children for Improving Motor, Cognitive, and Emotional-Behavioral Regulation. Conclusions: MMI (including a modified Tai Chi sequence) was associated with improvements across objective and subjective assessments of motor, cognitive, and behavioral control. This proof-of-principle investigation provides preliminary support for the efficacy and feasibility of a novel MMI implemented as part of the school day in an urban school setting with 7–8-year-old children to augment development of at-risk youth.
• Barriers, Facilitators, and Sustainers in Tai Ji Quan Practice: A Mixed-Methods RE-AIM Assessment of College Students Versus the General Population. Both individual (personal) and environmental (settings) factors are important in shaping personal decisions in TJQ engagement.
• Effects of Baduanjin exercise on the physical function of middle-aged and elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Baduanjin exercise may is an effective intervention to improve physical function in the middle-aged and elderly population. 
• Implementation of an Evidence-Based, Tai Ji Quan Fall Prevention Program in Rural West Virginia Churches: A RE-AIM Evaluation
• Facilitators and Barriers of Tai Chi Practice in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Qualitative Study. Conclusions: The study findings could provide valuable information to health professionals, such as nurses and physical therapists, in developing and implementing effective Tai Chi programs in care plans. Considering health conditions, tailoring Tai Chi exercise instruction styles, encouraging social and peer support, and incorporating music may promote Tai Chi practice and adherence.
• Baduanjin improves neck pain and functional movement in middle-aged and elderly people: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Baduanjin is safe and has a trend of positive benefits in the treatment of neck pain in middle-aged and elderly people.
• Effectiveness of mind-body exercise via Baduanjin on physical and psychological outcomes in patients with pulmonary ground-glass nodules: A non-randomized controlled pilot study. Conclusion: GGN patients in the Baduanjin intervention group showed greater benefits in pulmonary function and psychological outcomes than those in the health education control group, and the effectiveness was stable. The findings support Baduanjin as an effective, safe, enjoyable, and promising complementary intervention for management of GGN in patients with physical and psychological distress.
• Traditional Baduanjin exercise through the eyes of patients with chronic heart failure: A qualitative content analysis study. Conclusion: This study's findings indicate that Baduanjin could be a cardiac rehabilitation exercise modality for patients with CHF in China, especially in a home-based setting.
• Network meta-analysis of the efficacy of four traditional Chinese physical exercise therapies on the prevention of falls in the elderly. Discussion: The present evidence suggests that all four traditional Chinese body-building exercise therapies have a preventive effect on fall behavior in older adults. In clinical treatment and daily physical exercise, two exercises, BaDuan Jin and Yi Jin Jing, may be preferred to reduce the risk of falls in the elderly, but the exercise regimen of Qigong should be selected scientifically and rationally according to their actual conditions.
• Effect and safety of traditional Chinese exercises (Qigong therapy) for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. 
• Pilot study of Qigong/Tai Chi Easy acute effects of meditative movement, breath focus and "flow" on blood pressure, mood and oxytocin in older adults. Discussion/conclusion: Medium to large effect sizes indicating change in mood and connection were found for this single session intervention. Knowing that Tai Chi improves BP when practiced over time, this TCE intervention shows promise for planning a fully powered, randomized controlled study of BP, mood and perceptions of connection in hypertensive older adults. 
• Mind-Body Integrative Health (MBIH) Interventions for Sleep among Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Implementation, Participation and Outcomes. Qigong is among the sleep interventions that improve psychological well-being in adolescents. The two interventions that found statistically significant, moderate improvements in objectively-measured sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency were of higher intensity and used mindfulness.
• Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercise for sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. There is low to moderate evidence that routine Qigong and Tai Chi help with sarcopenia.
• Long-term Tai Chi training reduces the fusion illusion in older adults. "The present study provides preliminary evidence that long-term Tai Chi exercise improves older adults' multisensory integration, which occurs in early perceptual processing."
• Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cerebral blood flow and cognitive frailty in the community older adults with cognitive frailty: A randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: The 24 weeks Baduanjin exercise training had a positive beneficial effect on cerebral blood flow in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. This may be a potential mechanism by which Baduanjin exercise improves the cognitive frailty in older adults.

2023

• Baduanjin exercise modulates the hippocampal subregion structure in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. Conclusion: A 24-week Baduanjin exercise intervention effectively improved cognitive ability and reduced physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty, and the mechanism might be associated with modulating the structural plasticity of the hippocampal subregion.
• Biomechanics analysis of seven Tai Chi movements. The findings suggested that these TC movements could be a good option for the improvement of muscle strength and range of motion of the lower limbs.
• Functional outcomes of Tai Chi exercise prescription in women with knee osteoarthritis. "The updated clinical guidelines for KOA treatment by the American Rheumatism Association recommend Tai Chi exercise...Our findings provide compelling evidence of the effects of the innovative Tai Chi exercise prescription specifically designed for KOA patients. The empirical evidence on its effectiveness in alleviating KOA symptoms and improving the overall health of middle-aged and elderly women with KOA suggested that Tai Chi intervention exercise has huge prospects for integration in KOA rehabilitation therapy."
• META analysis on the effect of taijiquan on improving negative psychological symptoms of college students and the optimal dose. Taijiquan therapy can significantly reduce the depression and anxiety symptoms of college students and is even more effective when combined with mindfulness [in other words, Tai Chi practiced as Meditative Movement and Qigong instead of focusing only on the Tai Chi form].
• Effects of different exercise types on quality of life [HRQoL] for patients with atrial fibrillation [AF]: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Qigong is one of the exercises which led to improvements in HRQoL, exercise capacity, and reduced AF burden.
• Efficacy and feasibility of a 12-week Tai Chi training for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in Hong Kong Chinese women: A randomized controlled trial. The 12-week Tai Chi training significantly decreased the frequency of migraine attack.
• Effects and parameters of community-based exercise on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that community-based exercise may benefit motor function in patients with PD. Tai Chi was one of the most commonly used modalities of exercise, and the most common prescription was 60 min twice a week.
• Are Movement-Based Mindful Exercises (QIGONG, TAI CHI, AND YOGA) Beneficial for Stroke and Parkinson's Disease? A Scoping Review. Conclusions: Qigong, tai chi, and yoga appear to be effective to improve balance performance in people with PD. Tai chi practice enhances motor function and independency in stroke patients.
• Concepts and Application of Tai Ji in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review. Tai Ji has been recently introduced to overcome disabilities. This review explains the effects of Tai Ji on functional recovery in stroke patients, linking it to current neurorehabilitation approaches, concepts and therapies such as proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. All literature identified Tai Ji as beneficial in stroke rehabilitation, and Tai Ji can be modified and incorporated into stroke rehabilitation programs based on patients' needs to produce promising outcomes.
• Role of Baduanjin exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Conclusion: Our findings showed that Baduanjin exercise improved cardiac function and quality of life and alleviated patients' anxiety and depression.
• Concepts of dementia prevention in the health promotion among older adults: A narrative review. Qigong and Tai Chi are among recommended health promotion activities for dementia prevention and improving older adult's quality of life.
• Effects of Baduanjin exercise in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after chemoradiotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: The findings in this study indicate that Baduanjin exercise is an effective and appropriate intervention for improving quality of life and is worthy of recommendation and implementation by oncology nurses in the rehabilitation process of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
• Quality of clinical practice guidelines relevant to rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Tai Chi is recommended rehabilitation for treating and managing knee osteoarthritis, but it is application is lacking due to the need to improve the promoting factors and hindering factors, guideline application recommendations, tools, and resources when developing relevant guidelines.
• Tai chi-muscle power training for children with developmental coordination disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Conclusions: Clinicians may prescribe Tai Chi for children with DCD to increase their knee muscle strength and reduce their risk of falls.
• The effect of Baduanjin exercise on health-related physical fitness of college students: A randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: Regular Baduanjin training may be an effective, safe exercise form to promote the health-related physical fitness of young adults.
• Heart rate variability as an indicator of the beneficial effects of Qigong and mindfulness training on the mind–body well-being of cancer survivors. HRV evaluation showed that Qigong and the mindfulness interventions had short-term effects in significantly improving overall physical and mental health, self-emotional regulation, and QOL and relieving fatigue and autonomic dysfunction. HRV may serve as an observational indicator of interventions to improve physical and mental health. The consistent practice of mind-body interventions is the primary means of optimizing overall health and well-being.
• Tai Chi practice enables prefrontal cortex bilateral activation and gait performance prioritization during dual-task negotiating obstacle in older adults.
• Effects of exercise types on white matter microstructure in late midlife adults: Preliminary results from a diffusion tensor imaging study. Regular Tai Chi exercise is associated with improved white matter microstructural integrity, and the findings could guide the development and application of future prevention and intervention strategies designed to address age-related cognitive impairments during late midlife.
• Optimal modes of mind-body exercise for treating chronic non-specific low back pain: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Qigong and Tai Chi reduced pain and improved function in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain.
• [Mind-body medicine in integrative uro-oncology : Studies and areas of application]. Tai Ji Quan/Qigong improve quality of life, fatigue, and other symptoms. Relaxation training reduces nausea/vomiting, and improves sleep and anxiety. Resilience promotion is important to support oncological patients.
• An exercise prescription for patients with lung cancer improves the quality of life, depression, and anxiety. Conclusions: The 8-week exercise prescription containing moderate-intensity Baduanjin (5 days per week) can effectively alleviate QoL, depression, and anxiety in patients with lung cancer. This exercise prescription is an effective supportive treatment for lung cancer patients with depression and anxiety.
• Determining the safety and effectiveness of Tai Chi: a critical overview of 210 systematic reviews of controlled clinical trials. Conclusions: The findings suggest Tai Chi has multidimensional effects, including physical, psychological and quality of life benefits for a wide range of conditions, as well as multimorbidity. Clinically important benefits were most consistently reported for Parkinson's disease, falls risk, knee osteoarthritis, low back pain, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. 
• Tai Chi increases functional connectivity and decreases chronic fatigue syndrome: A pilot intervention study with machine learning and fMRI analysis. Machine learning identified functional connections in the brain which could be neural biomarkers to discriminate between CFS patients and healthy controls. Tai Chi exercise may improve CFS patients' fatigue syndrome, sleep quality, and body health statement by strengthening the functional connectivity of brain networks.
• We Built it, But Did They Come: Veterans' Use of VA Healthcare System-Provided Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches. The Veterans Health Administration (VA), the nation's largest integrated healthcare system, greatly expanded their provision of nonpharmacological health management options which include Qigong and Tai Chi. Veterans' use of CIH approaches increased 70% in three years. By 2019, use was 5.7% among all VA patients. Veterans' use of some approaches rapidly grew recently and was robust, especially among patients most in need. This information might help shape federal/state health policy on the provision of evidence-based CIH approaches and guide other healthcare institutions considering providing them.
• Integrative Oncology in Young Women With Breast Cancer. Tai Chi is included in integrative therapies.
• Effects of Baduanjin exercise on quality-of-life and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Baduanjin exercise is a safe, feasible, and acceptable intervention that can improve the QOL and exercise capacity in patients with HF. 
• Effects of baduanjin exercise on blood glucose, depression and anxiety among patients with type II diabetes and emotional disorders: A meta-analysis. Conclusion: Findings suggest that Baduanjin exercise may effectively alleviate HbA1c, depression, and anxiety among T2DM patients with emotional disorders.
• Effect of Wu Qin Xi exercises on pain and function in people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Five Animal Frolics Qigong improves pain symptoms and joint function in patients with KOA.
• Effects of 24-Form Tai Chi on Cardio-Pulmonary Functions, Exercise Performances, and Cognitive Functions of the Aged. Conclusion: The 24-form Tai Chi not only improves cardio-pulmonary functions and exercise performances of the aged but also increases cognitive functions of the aged.
• Effect of Yijinjing combined with elastic band exercise on muscle mass and function in middle-aged and elderly patients with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: Yijinjing combined with elastic band exercise can substantially reduce the body weight and body fat content of middle-aged and elderly patients with Prediabetes, improve muscle function and growth hormone secretion, and delay muscle mass reduction and diabetes development.
• Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on the mobility of stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Tai Chi and Qigong performed for 12 weeks or less were effective in improving the mobility of stroke survivors.
• The effect of Baduanjin on the balancing ability of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Baduanjin can effectively affect the balancing ability of older adults.
• Effects of Baduanjin exercise on motor function, balance and gait in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The analysis of this systematic evaluation indicates that Baduanjin might have a positive effect in improving the motor function, balance and gait of patients with PD. 
• Effectiveness of Liu-zi-jue exercise on coronavirus disease 2019 in the patients: a randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: The results suggested that Liu-zi-jue exercise [Qigong Six Healing Sounds] as a complementary and alternative therapy showed beneficial effects on improving the symptoms (shortness of breath, fatigue, and cough), quality of life, and mental health of patients with mild COVID-19.
• A randomized controlled trial of Baduanjin exercise to reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with prediabetes. The effect of Baduanjin is similar to that of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.
• Scientometric analysis of researches on tai chi and health promotion based on literatures from 1991 to 2021. [Scientometrics is the field of study which concerns itself with measuring and analysing scholarly literature.]. Results: China had the highest number of published articles, followed by the USA and Australia, and the vast majority of influential authors were from the USA. Most journals publishing papers on tai chi research were those concerned with geriatrics gerontology, sport sciences, and integrative complementary medicine. Our analysis indicated that studies on tai chi and health promotion could be divided into 4 knowledge groups: preventing falls in older adults, promotion of physical fitness, promotion of psychological wellbeing, and chronic disease intervention. Effects of tai chi on cognitive function are emerging trends in this field. Furthermore, topics of high-quality trials, advanced technologies, mechanistic research, and translation should be carefully considered in future research.
• Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction vs Escitalopram for the Treatment of Adults With Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mindfulness is as effective as drugs for anxiety. Also see: https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/09/mindfulness-meditation-reduces-anxiety-as-much-as-common-antidepressant-drug-study.html. Also see: Mindfulness meditation is as effective as LEXAPRO at alleviating anxiety, study finds.
• Effects of qigong exercise on the physical and mental health of college students: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Qigong exercise was advantageous for college students in terms of improving flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance and alleviating depression and anxiety to some extent.
• Benefits, Facilitators, and Barriers of Alternative Models of Cardiac Rehabilitation: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Tai Chi was among the exercises found to be physically, psychologically, and/or socially beneficial to patients.
• Effects of an 8-week Baduanjin intervention combined with low-carbohydrates diet among overweight people who struggle with drug addiction. Conclusions: Either Baduanjin or an 8-week Baduanjin combined with diet can significantly reduce anthropometric characteristics and body composition, enhance the quality of life, and reduce craving in overweight/obese patients. Baduanjin combined with diet is particularly effective in improving lipid metabolism.
• Physical activity and subjective well-being of older adults during COVID-19 prevention and control normalization: Mediating role of outdoor exercise environment and regulating role of exercise form. The study results showed that Qigong and Tai Chi were significantly, positively correlated with the subjective well-being of older adults. Tai Chi had the strongest effect on the subjective well-being of older adults. This study also found that exercise form plays a positive regulatory role in the relationship between physical activity and subjective well-being; that is, when older adults participate in group-based exercise, the degree of influence of physical activity on subjective well-being is increased. This shows that when older people exercise in groups, physical activity has important implications for their subjective well-being.
• Exploring Energy Medicine: Reflexology. Recent evidence supports that the physical medium that holds these lines and points of energy is the fascia network. Fascia is the fibrous tissue that covers muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, binding some structures together and separating others. The fascia has been found to be piezoelectric. The physical field of the fascia is electric, generating information and is moving at various frequencies.
• A Pilot Study of Virtual Reality (VR) Tai Chi Program on Mental Health among Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Results: Three key salient themes emerged as beneficial results of VR experiences: (1) mindfulness/ meditation, (2) enjoyment, and (3) physical exercise. Participants also reported 3 main challenges: (1) some difficulties with controllers and functions, (2) cybersickness/pain, and (3) absence of group synergy.
• Mind-body practices for cancer-related symptoms management: an overview of systematic reviews including one hundred twenty-nine meta-analyses. Conclusions: Qigong, tai chi, and yoga could be effective approaches to relieve cancer-related symptoms in adults with different cancer diagnoses.
• Effectiveness of Tai Chi on Blood Pressure, Stress, Fatigue, and Sleep Quality among Chinese Women with Episodic Migraine: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Tai Chi helps people with migraines.
• Qigong in Perceptual Auditory Attention: Tool to Improve Sound Integration in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Conclusions: The WB Qigong had a positive effect on the AA mechanism, with a significant reduction in RT. The results support the importance of practice to achieve positive effects. People with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism and ADHD, struggle every day for sensory integration of AA mechanisms. Qigong can be taught and easily learned from the age of 2 years until senior ages, and it's a safe and very low-cost intervention that deserves to be researched further in clinical trials. 
• Influence of Taijiquan Exercise on Mentality and Emotion Regulation by Intelligent Medical Big Data Analysis. Taijiquan has a significant effect on improving students' body shape, cardiopulmonary function, flexibility, balance, and mood.
• Changes Observed in Potential Key Candidate Genes of Peripheral Immunity Induced by Tai Chi among Patients with Parkinson's Disease. The inhibition of inflammation by Tai Chi has been demonstrated to involve a peripheral cytokine response and may play an important role in improving the motor function of PD patients.
• Mental Health Benefits of a Traditional Vegetative Biofeedback Therapy Online Program during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Controlled Trial. Taijiquan and Qigong are considered traditional vegetative biofeedback therapies that allow the practitioner to control the functions and processes of the body through specific movements or stances, breathing techniques, and meditative exercises. The experienced Taijiquan and Qigong participants achieved significant improvements in psychological well-being and psychological distress. Novice Taijiquan and Qigong participants achieved a significant improvement in anxiety levels.
• Can Yoga, Qigong, and Tai Chi Breathing Work Support the Psycho-Immune Homeostasis during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Narrative Review. This review shows the health potentials of breathing practices and exercises (notably, Qigong, Tai Chi, and yoga), which, by having a high benefit-cost ratio, could be selected and implemented as a primary standard routine in public health programs.
• The effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) for chronic low back pain in middle-aged and elderly patients: A systematic review. TCE (Qigong and Tai Chi) emphasizes mind–body integration; slow body movements are synchronized with musculoskeletal relaxation, respiratory control, and mental focus in a meditative state. In addition, TCE requires the stability of the trunk muscles to maintain the center of gravity, which embodies the principle of core stability training. This systematic review shows that TCE is beneficial in relieving pain and improving pain-related dysfunction for middle-aged and elderly patients suffering from CLBP. As a convenient, cost-effective therapy with few adverse events, TCE could be recommended for elderly patients with CLBP.
• The effects of Baduanjin exercise vs. brisk walking on physical fitness and cognition in middle-aged patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial. The Baduanjin group improved more than the brisk walking group in balance function, motor performance, and cognitive performance.
• Effectiveness of Tai Chi Exercise Program on Sleep, Quality of Life, and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Working Women. Conclusion: Our study revealed that besides being low velocity and low impact exercise, Tai Chi was a safe and effective mode of treatment in postmenopausal working women. In this group approach sessions were interactive and improved socialization skills because it was conducted in a community setting minimum equipment's and greater feasibility. Hence, this could also be incorporated in different age group population.
• Comparison of the acute effects of Tai chi versus high-intensity interval training on inhibitory control in individuals with substance use disorder
• Qigong and Tai Chi on Human Health: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Qigong and Tai chi have shown beneficial effects in different age groups and health conditions, including decreasing blood lipid level, reducing blood pressure, facilitating mobility, preventing falls, and improving overall quality of life.
• The Effects of Nonconventional Exercise on Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. Clinical implications: Nonconventional exercise, including Tai Chi and yoga, can be a convenient and alternative method of exercise versus traditional cardiac rehabilitation, thereby providing new opportunities that can lead to improved FC and QOL.
• Tai chi effects on balance in older adults: the role of sustained attention and myokines. Conclusions: 10 weeks of Tai Chi practice induced improvements in balance, which was related with improved sustained attention, and increased myokines levels [secreted in response to muscle contraction, some myokines can cross the blood-brain barrier, making them promising candidates for mediating the beneficial effects of physical activity on mood].
• A randomized clinical trial to stimulate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in patients with moderate COVID-19-pneumonia using a slow-paced breathing technique. A characteristic problem occurring in COVID-19 is excessive elevations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6 and CRP) which are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Stimulation of the vagally-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex by slow paced breathing with prolonged exhalation present a clinically relevant way to reduce circulating IL-6 without relevant side-effects.
• Mark your calendars: Harvard Medical School is hosting the 1st annual Tai Chi and Qigong conference at Harvard—Sept 18-19, 2023.  Conference title is:  Tai Chi & Qigong as Whole Person Health:  Advancing the Integration of Mind-Body Practices in Contemporary Healthcare and includes a remarkable line up of internationally renowned speakers/scientists.  The conference will include original research talks/posters and mini-symposia. More information will be posted as it becomes available. 
• Join the conversation about “The Lived Experience of Depression: An Integrative Approach” at this year’s 5th biennial Integrative Medicine Network Forum hosted by the Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital. The aim is to bring together researchers, educators, and clinicians with interests in integrative medicine and health. The FREE, Two-Day Virtual Conference on November 10-11 will feature 30+ expert speakers, panel discussions and audience Q&A, posters, and virtual and in-person networking opportunities. Up to 11.5 CME credits available. Learn more and register: https://imnetworkforum22.us2.pathable.com/?openNativeApp=true
• Facilitators and barriers of attending BaDuanJin experienced by breast cancer survivors during chemotherapy.
• The effect of tai chi intervention on NLRP3 and its related antiviral inflammatory factors in the serum of patients with pre-diabetes. Conclusion: Tai Chi intervention may improve blood glucose, lipid levels, and insulin resistance in middle-aged and elderly pre-diabetic patients by reducing the level of NLRP3 inflammasome and its related inflammatory factors.
• Effects of Baduanjin imagery and exercise on cognitive function in the elderly: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Baduanjin imagery and exercise positively affect cognitive performance
• Review of Under-Recognized Adjunctive Therapies for Cancer. Under-recognized adjunctive therapies that are effective include exercise, mindfulness, Tai Chi, and breathing exercises.
• The Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on Chronic Spinal Pain Outcomes: A Synthesis Based on 72 Meta-Analyses
• Brain Functional Connectivity in Middle-Aged Hong Chuan Tai Chi Players in Resting State. Findings revealed that middle-aged Hong Chuan Tai Chi practitioners had higher functional connectivity of the PFC, MC, and OC across both brain hemispheres in cardiac activity, myogenic activity, sympathetic nervous system, and endothelial cell metabolic activities which may contribute to higher global cognition.
• Effectiveness of Taijiquan in treating insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. The results of the study showed that Taijiquan significantly improved sleep quality in healthy adults and patients with chronic diseases, which suggests that Taijiquan may be considered as an alternative behavioral therapy in the treatment of insomnia.
• Mind-Body Exercises for Non-motor Symptoms of Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Conclusion: Mind-body exercise [which includes Qigong and Tai Chi] may improve global cognitive function, sleep quality, and QOL in the PD population. In addition, low to moderate doses and appropriate durations significantly improved global cognitive function.
• The effect of an evidence-based Tai chi intervention on the fatigue-sleep disturbance-depression symptom cluster in breast cancer patients: A preliminary randomised controlled trial. Conclusion: Tai chi as an adjuvant intervention to routine care could relieve the symptom cluster of fatigue, sleep disturbance and depression and improve QoL among BC patients.
• The Effect of Tai Chi in Elderly Individuals with Sarcopenia and Frailty:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
• Benefits of Tai Chi Quan on neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review. Conclusion: TCQ exercise can effectively improve the motor function, global cognitive function, and falls in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
• Updated Meta-Analysis Assessing Effects of Baduanjin on Cardiopulmonary Functions of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Baduanjin is beneficial to cardiac rehabilitation of patients with coronary heart disease.
• Perceptions of Participants on Trial Participation and Adherence to Tai Chi: A Qualitative Study
• Comments on previous psychological Tai-Chi models: Jun-zi self-cultivation model
• Experimental Study on the Effect of Taijiquan on the Physical Function and Mental Health of College Students
• Whole Body Vibration Improves Brain and Musculoskeletal Health by Modulating the Expression of Tissue-Specific Markers: FNDC5 as a Key Regulator of Vibration Adaptations. Whole body vibration (WBV) is well known to exert beneficial effects on multiple tissues, improving synaptic transmission, muscle mass, bone quality, and reducing anxiety and depressive behavior...results suggest that the WBV effects depend closely on the type of protocol used and support the hypothesis that different organs or tissues have different susceptibility to vibration.
• Perceptions of Participants on Trial Participation and Adherence to Tai Chi: A Qualitative Study
• Qigong for mental health and sleep quality in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Conclusions: After an intervention based on a BaDuanJin Qigong exercise program for 12 weeks, improvements were observed in sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, the total score of the PSQI, anxiety and depression in postmenopausal Spanish women.
• The effect and safety of Tai Chi on bone health in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Conclusion: Tai Chi may be an optional and safe exercise for improving BMD loss in postmenopausal women, and practicing Tai Chi for more than 6 months may yield greater benefits.
• The Impact of Complementary and Alternative Medicine on Insomnia: A Systematic Review. Tai Chi may improve sleep quality in different populations, specifically older adults 
• Effects of Qigong Therapy on the Anaerobic Threshold in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Conclusion: QG therapy can achieve certain curative effects and safety for patients with SCAD.
• Actual experience of the training effect of Baduanjin on patients with hemiplegic limb dysfunctions after cerebral infarction: A qualitative study. Results: Three major themes were identified after analysis, namely improving functions of hemiplegic limbs, improving the condition of the entire body and the feelings of practice. The participants indicated that Baduanjin could improve the limb functions and general conditions of hemiplegic patients. Their experience in practicing Baduanjin was generally positive, and they were willing to continue practicing.
• Effects of Tai Chi on health status in adults with chronic heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Tai Chi might be safe and showed beneficial effects on health status in patients with CHF.
• Health and Fitness Comparisons Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Long-Term Participation in Four Different Sports. Individuals who prefer to choose traditional sports (Tai Chi) may anticipate similar long-term effects on resting heart rate, BMI, muscle mass, and grip strength compared to those who perform modern sports (aerobics, Track and Field). Information presented in this study may be valuable when designing population, group and individually-tailored physical activity recommendations in culturally diverse individuals.
• Trends and characteristics of Tai Chi and Qi Gong use among U.S. Adults: Results from the 2007-2017 National Health Interview Survey. Conclusions: The use of TCQ has significantly increased among U.S. adults from 2007 to 2017. Given that the greatest increases in use of TCQ were among older adults, females, low-income individuals, and people who were physically inactive, TCQ may serve as age-appropriate, cost-effective, mind-body exercises for these groups of populations to help ameliorate health disparities.
• The effects of an integrated mindfulness-based tai chi chuan programme on sleep disturbance among community-dwelling elderly people: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
• The Effects of Tai Chi on the Executive Functions and Physical Fitness in Middle-Aged Adults with Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
• Baduanjin exercise for patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Baduanjin exercise is an effective and safe exercise for improving quality of life and alleviating depression and anxiety in patients with breast cancer.
• Effects of mind-body exercises on cognitive impairment in people with Parkinson's disease: A mini-review. "This study summarizes the latest evidence that mind-body exercises including Tai Chi, Qigong, yoga, and dance improve cognitive impairment associated with PD."
• A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Tai Chi on the Drug Craving in Women
• The effects of different types of Tai Chi exercises on motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease: A network meta-analysis. "As a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, Tai Chi is beneficial with regard to muscle strength, balance, physical coordination, and postural stability for people with PD... Tai Chi exercise was more dominant in improving motor function [than stretching or walking training]. In addition, because of its slow speed, simple, and interesting movements, Tai Chi is suitable for promotion in a crowd and could be highly accepted by patients. The findings of our study have guiding significance for the type selection of clinical exercise prescription."
• Adaptation of an evidence-based, fall-prevention, Tai Ji Quan exercise program for adults with traumatic brain injury: focus group results. Conclusion: Participants viewed the adapted program as safe and appropriate, given modifications for physical (e.g. balance) and cognitive impairments. The TJQMBB program may be underutilized in this population due to the complexity of the exercises, but is possible with modifications.
• Effectiveness of Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. For objective (as opposed to subjective) outcomes, Qigong was found to be more effective than psychotherapy or music therapy and slightly more effective than exercise.
• The Effectiveness of a Hybrid Exercise Program on the Physical Fitness of Frail Elderly. Conclusion: The hybrid exercise program that combined Baduanjin with strength and endurance training proved more effective at improving fitness and reversing frailty in elderly individuals.
• Effects of Tai Chi and brisk walking on the bone mineral density of perimenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: Forty-eight weeks of TC exercise significantly increases the BMD of L2-4 in perimenopausal women, and BW exercise significantly increases the BMD of the femoral neck; these effects are maintained at 4 and 8 weeks after exercise cessation. These results suggest that these two exercises reduce the BMD decrease caused by aging.
• A Study on the Impact of Wushu Sports Health on College Students' Mental Health. A study of the impact of traditional martial arts on the mental health status of university students using Taijiquan to explore Eastern versus Western physical education and sports exercises.
• Mind- and Body-Based Interventions Improve Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Qigong is among the mind-body interventions resulting in improvements in glycemic control.
• Effectiveness of Tai Chi on older adults: A systematic review of systematic reviews with re-meta-analysis. "TC significantly improved most outcomes, including the mobility, pain level, physical function, psychological distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, global cognitive function, mental speed and attention, learning ability, verbal fluency, executive function, and QoL of older adults. TC can be an effective intervention for older adults for improving physical and psychological conditions, cognitive abilities, and QoL.".
• Virtual Special Issue: Tai Chi. For more info: https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/japa/aop/article-10.1123-japa.2022-0248/article-10.1123-japa.2022-0248.xml?rskey=ekKp2n&result=32
• Yijinjing Qigong intervention shows strong evidence on clinical effectiveness and electroencephalography signal features for early poststroke depression: A randomized, controlled trial. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that YJJQE is estimated to effectively alleviate the depressed mood of patients with PSD by promoting the efficiency in information transmission of network functional connectivity and its integration ability in different brain regions. Therefore, the YJJQE would be useful as a non-pharmacological treatment to prevent PSD.
• The therapeutic effect of Taijiquan combined with acupoint pressing on the treatment of anxiety insomnia in college students: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
• The effects of Tai Chi on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Conclusions: Tai Chi exercise therapy shows significant superiority in improving the FBG, HbA1c, TG, and HDL-C in T2DM patients. It can be used as one of the exercise prescriptions for prevention and treatment of T2DM patients.
• Network Meta-Analysis of the Antihypertensive Effect of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Patients with Essential Hypertension. Tai Chi and various types of Qigong reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
• Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercise on Emotional Face Recognition in Elderly People: An ERP Study. ERP (event-related potential) is electrophysiological response to stimulus captured via electrodes. Long-term walking and tai chi exercise can delay the deterioration of emotional cognitive function in older adults to some extent. Both walking and tai chi exercise can delay the decline in aging-related emotional face recognition function to some extent.
• [Research progress of effect of Tai Chi on cognitive function in the elderly based on neuroelectrophysiological techniques and brain imaging techniques]. "Tai Chi may delay and improve cognitive decline in the elderly by reshaping the structure and function of brain regions related to cognitive function such as memory, attention and execution. The effect of Tai Chi for cognitive function may be associated with positive regulation of cardiovascular function, emotion and meditation level of the elderly. "
• Effects of Health Qigong on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
• Examining the Delivery of a Tailored Chinese Mind-Body Exercise to Low-Income Community-Dwelling Older Latinos for Aging in Place: Pilot Feasibility Study. Conclusions: The research findings indicated that the CHW-led and mHealth-facilitated Chinese Qigong exercise program is feasible and acceptable among low-income older Latino adults. The trending health benefits of this 12-week FITxOlder program might be promising to promote physical activity engagement in underserved older populations to improve health outcomes for healthy aging and independent living.
• Effects of traditional Chinese exercises on mental health in individuals with drug rehabilitee: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: This current study suggests that TCE (Tai Chi, Qigong) may have benefits in alleviating depression, anxiety, and drug cravings in drug rehabilitees. 
• Baduanjin exercise: A potential promising therapy toward osteoporosis. Conclusion: Baduanjin exercise may be beneficial to improve BMD, relieve pain, improve balance ability, influence serum BGP and serum ALP in patients with osteoporosis.
• Baduanjin's impact on quality of life and sleep quality in breast cancer survivors receiving aromatase inhibitor therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: Baduanjin exercise training led to improvement in the quality of life and sleep quality of breast cancer patients undergoing AI therapy.
• Effects of traditional Chinese mind-body exercise-Baduanjin for type 2 diabetes on psychological well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusions: The traditional Chinese mind-body exercise-Baduanjin is a beneficial comprehensive therapy for type 2 diabetes, especially in promoting psychological well-being.
• Scientific Evidence of Traditional Chinese Exercise (Qigong) for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Qigong is effective and safe for the management of patients with COPD.
• Qigong for the Emotional Exhaustion in Nurses: Implications of a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial in the COVID-19 Pandemic. 70% of the participants in the intervention group had significantly decreased emotional exhaustion levels, which reduced from high to either moderate (55%) or low (15%) after the experimental phase. Moreover, these benefits were maintained after the 4 weeks of self practice.
• Biofeedback therapy combined with Baduanjin on quality of life and gastrointestinal hormone level in patients with colorectal cancer. Biofeedback therapy and Baduanjin exercise can improve the quality of life of patients with CRC and the efficacy of gastrointestinal hormone levels.
• Exploring the effects of peripheral sensibility on visuospatial and postural capacities during goal-directed movements in long-term Tai Chi practitioners. Conclusion: Long-term Tai Chi practitioners exhibited superior visuospatial ability and postural stability during goal-directed upper body movements, which was associated with sensitive proprioception and tactile sensation.
• Wheelchair Tai Chi Ball Exercise for Improving Neuromuscular Functions of Older Adults With Disability
• Tai Chi as an Adjunctive Therapy for Individuals who Plateau After Vestibular Rehabilitation
• Complementary and alternative medicine for glycemic control of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Tai chi can be used as a chronic DM management since this exercise can alleviate fasting blood glucose. This review found that qigong is more effective for managing patients with DM type 2 than tai chi. 
• Effects of the Prolong Life With Nine Turn Method (Yan Nian Jiu Zhuan) Qigong on Brain Functional Changes in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Terms of Fatigue and Quality of Life. Qigong relieves fatigue of CFS patiets and improves their quality of life.
• Mobile Terminal Equipment and Methods of Martial Arts Movement Correction in Intelligent Physical Education Environment
• The effects of Baduanjin and yoga exercise programs on physical and mental health in patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: The results suggest that practicing Baduanjin was more effective than yoga and that it is suitable for the MS patients.
• Physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for adults with insomnia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi is one of the physical exercises that improved subjective sleep quality and reduced insomnia severity.
• Emerging Trends and Hotspots in Tai Chi Fall Prevention: Analysis and Visualization
• Effects of Traditional Chinese Exercise on Oxidative Stress in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Network Meta-Analysis. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese exercise can help middle-aged and older adults reduce oxidative stress. Animal Frolics may be the best traditional Chinese exercise of the exercises evaluated for reducing oxidative stress in middle-aged and older adults.
• A Tai Chi for Arthritis and Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults During COVID-19. The program was delivered via Zoom.
• Yoga and Qigong for Health: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
• Response variation as a result of tai chi on resting blood pressure in hypertensive adults: An aggregate data meta-analysis
• The Qigong of Prolong Life With Nine Turn Method Relieve Fatigue, Sleep, Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study. Qigong exercise has potential to be an effective rehabilitation method for CFS symptoms including fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression.
• Community Exercise: A New Tool for Personalized Parkinson's Care or Just an Addition to Formal Care? Community exercise programs commonly refer to the use of different exercises in a group format, delivered close to a person’s home, in community centers or local rehabilitation centers, and most frequently delivered by non-medical professionals. A wide range of Parkinson-specific community-based programs are already being used in PD. The most common ones outlined in recent literature include Tai Chi and Qigong. Community exercise programs are growing in popularity and in research interest. These new initiatives increase optimism about the possibility of developing programs that are cost-effective, easily accessible and a means of providing structured, ongoing exercise programs for people with PD. Some changes in thinking by the healthcare community are needed to delineate how community services can better complement current clinical care and to prepare for their integration.
• The Effects of Tai Chi and Baduanjin Activities on Physical Interventions With Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Conclusions: Tai Chi and Baduanjin can improve the cardiovascular system, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, and body flexibility of drug addicts better than conventional rehabilitation.
• A Tai Chi for Arthritis and Fall Prevention Program for Older Adults During COVID-19. This program was delivered via Zoom.
• Effects of mind-body exercise Baduanjin on cognition in community-dwelling older people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: The 6-month period of Baduanjin training has positive benefits on global cognitive function and attention function in community-dwelling elderly individuals with MCI.
• Tai Chi Improves Cognitive Function of Dementia Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
• Traditional Chinese Exercise for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis With Future Directions. Conclusion: The number of publications on TCE related to neurodegenerative diseases has shown major growth in the past decade. However, there is a need for research institutions to strengthen cooperation between countries and institutions. Tai Chi, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease, older adults and falls reduction have been the recent research focus. It is anticipated that in the future, PD will continue to be a central focus with the effects of Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, and Yijinjing requiring further research.
• Virtual Tai Chi program for patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: Proof-of-concept feasibility trial
• The Effects of Er Xian Decoction Combined with Baduanjin Exercise on Bone Mineral Density, Lower Limb Balance Function, and Mental Health in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• Relationship Between the Practice of Tai Chi for More Than 6 Months With Mental Health and Brain in University Students: An Exploratory Study. 
• Comparison of Wuqinxi Qigong with Stretching on Single- and Dual-Task Gait, Motor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Preliminary Randomized Control Study. "Wuqinxi Qigong is an effective method to improve single- and dual-task gait. While both exercises improve motor symptoms, Wuqinxi Qigong results in better mobility, balance and quality of life compared to stretching alone."
• The Effects of Tai Chi Exercise for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Tai Chi is an effective and safe complementary treatment for T2DM.
• Are Mind-Body Exercise Beneficial for Treating Pain, Function, and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Old People With Chronic Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The mind-body exercises of Qigong and Tai Chi were effective treatments for reducing symptoms of middle-aged and elderly people with chronic pain compared with the nonactive and active control groups. TC and Qigong had obvious benefits for knee osteoarthritis in self-reported function.
• Effect of Core Muscle Strength Training Combined with Taijiquan on Bone Mineral Density Measured by Quantitative CT Scanning in the Elderly. Taijiquan can improve lumbar bone mineral density and balance function in the elderly.
• Baduanjin for executive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.  Conclusion: Baduanjin significantly improved the EF of patients with MCI.
• Brain Functional Connectivity in the Resting State and the Exercise State in Elite Tai Chi Chuan Athletes: An fNIRS Study. Under sports conditions, professional athletes’ multi-circuit brain FC strength is significantly reduced, and their elite motor skill performance supports the neural efficiency hypothesis. This may be related to the high adaptation of the brain to specific tasks and the improvement of the integration of somatic perception processing and motor function.
• Effects of Taijiquan and Qigong exercises on depression and anxiety levels in patients with substance use disorders [SUD]: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Taijiquan and Qigong exercise reduce levels of anxiety and depression in those with SUD.
• Biomechanical Analysis of Arm Manipulation in Tai Chi. When muscles are in a state of tension, movement skills are not mastered well, and the energy saving is not achieved. During training, attention should be directed to the proprioception of muscles and forming a correct way of muscle exertion.
• Traditional Chinese Exercises on Pain and Disability in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Conclusion: There was positive evidence to support the clinical use of TCEs, as a complementary therapy, for middle-aged and elderly patients with neck pain, especially Baduanjin exercises.
• Effect of a 16-Session Qigong Program in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Conclusions: Qigong therapy can be an effective therapeutic activity in consonance with traditional medicine to improve psychological health and autonomic nervous system balance in non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors.
• Effects of Tai Chi App and Facebook health education programs on breast cancer survivors' stress and quality of life in the Era of pandemic
• A Telehealth-Delivered Tai Chi Intervention (TaiChi4Joint) for Managing Aromatase Inhibitor-Induced Arthralgia in Patients With Breast Cancer During COVID-19: Longitudinal Pilot Study. "This study demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of a telehealth-based tai chi intervention for reducing AI-induced arthralgia. The intervention decreased patient-reported pain and stiffness, and improved sleep quality and depressive symptoms."
• Altered Effective Connectivity of Resting-State Networks by Tai Chi Chuan in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients: A Multivariate Granger Causality Study. Tai Chi Chuan improves the quality of life for patients with CFS.
• The Effect of Modified Tai Chi Exercises on the Physical Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Women With Knee Osteoarthritis. Tai Chi is an effective treatment for improved physical function and quality of life in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis.
• Acute Tai Chi Chuan exercise enhances sustained attention and elicits increased cuneus/precuneus activation in young adults.
• Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Bone Regeneration and Osteoporosis. Qigong is an exercise that has been used since ancient times for the management of osteoporosis and bone regeneration. 
• Effects of tai chi and Qigong on cognition in neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi and Qigong improved cognition in patients with Parkinson's disease, stroke, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and traumatic brain injury.
• Effectiveness of Baduanjin Exercise on Quality of Life and Psychological Health in Postoperative Patients With Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Conclusions: Baduanjin is an effective exercise, which can significantly improve the quality of life and psychological health of breast cancer patients after operation.
• Effect of long-term exercise therapy on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Tai Chi provides significant improvements in physical function, functional mobility, and balance. Furthermore, Tai Chi and dance result in balance benefits. With an increase in the intervention duration or length of each session, the effect sizes of exercise on these outcomes increased; higher benefits of exercise on these outcomes were observed at a frequency of 2 times/week.
• The effect of the Baduanjin exercise on COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological well-being and lower back pain of college students during the pandemic. During the pandemic, Baduanjin [Qigong] exercise reduced the perceived anxiety related to COVID-19, decreased the prevalence of the lower back pain, and improved the psychological well-being of college students.
• Implementation of an Evidence-Based, Tai Ji Quan Fall Prevention Program in Rural West Virginia Churches: A RE-AIM Evaluation
• Traditional Chinese Medicine and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review. Qigong is a low-load aerobic exercise consisting of various components such as endurance, resistance, balance, flexibility, breathing, and meditation that is effective in preventing skeletal muscle atrophy with long-term practice. Qigong exercises has a positive and important effect on physical performance and muscle strength in older adults with sarcopenia.
• Effects of traditional Chinese medicine-based exercises on cognitive function in older people with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
• Comparative Study on the Joint Biomechanics of Different Skill Level Practitioners in Chen-Style Tai Chi Punching. 
• Tai Chi versus conventional exercise for improving cognitive function in older adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Tai Chi more effective than exercise for improving cognitive function after 12 weeks and as effective as exercise after 24 weeks.
• Tai Chi for spatiotemporal gait features and dynamic balancing capacity in elderly female patients with non-specific low back pain: A six-week randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: A 6-week Tai Chi program can relieve pain and improve gait and dynamic balance in elderly women with NS-LBP, which suggests Tai Chi could be a promising rehabilitation intervention to reduce the risk of falls in this population.
• Integrating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment With 8-Week Tai Chi Chuan Practice: An Exploration of Mind-Body Intervention and Neural Mechanism. Tai Chi improves the clinical symptoms of patients with COPD.
• Determining Whether Tai Chi Chuan Is Related to the Updating Function in Older Adults: Differences Between Practitioners and Controls. Long term Tai Chi practice maintains aspects of cognitive functioning.
• The Sleep Quality of the Frontline Healthcare Workers and the Improving Effect of Tai Chi. Tai Chi dramatically improved sleep quality and reduced anxiety symptoms.
• Study design exploring Qigong and Tai Chi Easy (QTC) on cardiometabolic risk factors. 
• Comparison of the effects of Tai Chi and general aerobic exercise on weight, blood pressure and glycemic control among older persons with depressive symptoms: a randomized trial. Conclusion: This study showed that Tai Chi exercise was more effective in improving blood pressure and HbA1c level than general aerobic exercise. It suggested that Tai Chi might be an effective approach for the management of blood pressure and long-term glucose control in older persons with depressive symptoms.
• Effectiveness of Tai Chi in Patients With Hypertension: An Overview of Meta-analyses. Conclusion: Tai Chi may be considered an effective and safe alternative exercise for patients with hypertension.
• Effects of Mindfulness-Based Tai Chi Chuan on Physical Performance and Cognitive Function among Cognitive Frailty Older Adults: A Six-Month Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Conclusions: MTCC [Mindfulness Tai Chi Chuan is basically Qigong] seems to be effectively reverse CF, improving the cognitive and physical function among older adults, suggesting that MTCC is a preferably intervention option in community older adults with cognitive frailty.
• Effect of Positive Rumination-Based Sports Prescription on the Mental Health of Teenagers. Conclusion: Positive rumination group counseling and the intervention of health Qigong exercise can effectively reduce anxiety levels of teenagers, improve the levels of optimism, hope, self-efficacy, resiliency and psychological capital, help cultivate teenagers' positive psychology and alleviate negative psychology.
• Changes in satisfaction with female genital self-image and sexual function after a Qigong exercise intervention in Spanish postmenopausal women: a randomized-controlled trial
• Combined Tai Chi and cognitive interventions for older adults with or without cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Combined TC and cognitive interventions have positive effects on improving cognition and balance in older adults.
• Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Health-Promoting Exercise as an Adjunct Therapy for Drug Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
• Effects of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function and cancer-related symptoms in women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Conclusions: This pilot study revealed the benefits of Baduanjin exercise for subjective cognition and health-related quality of life of Chinese breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and outlined the underlying mediating mechanism of exercise-cognition. The findings provided insights into the development of public health initiatives to promote brain health and improve quality of life among breast cancer patients.
• Effects of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 
• Effects of Exercise on Sleep in Older Adults: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Exercise, including Tai Chi and Baduanjin Qigong, has a positive effect on sleep quality in older people.
• Association of Tai Chi exercise with physical and neurocognitive functions, frailty, quality of life and mortality in older adults: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study. Conclusion: TC exercise practiced among community-dwelling older adults is associated with better physical, cognitive and functional wellbeing.
• The Differential Effects of Tai Chi vs. Brisk Walking on Cognitive Function Among Individuals Aged 60 and Greater. Tai Chi and brisk walking as the most commonly used, culture-specific mind-body exercise method have been proven to be effective in improving general cognitive performance and specific cognitive domains. Furthermore, differential effects of two different exercise modalities on cognitive domains were observed, which has provided insightful information for customized exercise programs. Finally, aging individuals who are experiencing cognitive decline should either take Tai Chi classes regularly or engage in brisk walking, which could contribute to brain health.
• Effects of Exergaming-Based Tai Chi on Cognitive Function and Dual-Task Gait Performance in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Control Trial. EXER-TC was comparable to traditional TC for enhancement of dual-task gait performance and executive function. 
• Mind-body therapies for older adults with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi is a MBT that may act as potential non-pharmaceutical approaches to improve certain health outcomes among older populations with dementia.
• The Comparative Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine Exercise Therapies in Elderly People With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. TCM exercise therapies may improve the cognitive function in elderly patients with MCI. Among the four therapies included, the Baduanjin exercise may be the preferred therapy for MCI in the elderly, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of cognitive-related brain function and structure.
• Effects and Safety of Non-Pharmacological Therapies of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Coronary Heart Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Baduanjin helps improve health related quality of life, psychological condition, and is a safe intervention.
• A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tai Chi Training in Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Elderly People. Regular Tai Chi practice can improve the CRF in the elderly, as indicated by significant improvement in indicators including VO2 max, O2 pulse, vital capacity, and heart rate.
• Effects of Tai-Chi and Running Exercises on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Biomarkers in Sedentary Middle-Aged Males: A 24-Week Supervised Training Study. Both Tai-Chi and running exercise showed beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and enhanced health-related outcomes in middle-aged adults.
• Effects of tai chi and qigong on rehabilitation after COVID-19: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
• Effects of multi-component exercise on older adults with chronic conditions. Performing multicomponent exercises (including Tai Chi) can help to reduce the risk of injury from falls and prevent age-related mobility, balance, and physical function decline in older adults.
• A Call to Use the Multicomponent Exercise Tai Chi to Improve Recovery From COVID-19 and Long COVID
• Research on Knee Joint Load and Influencing Factors of Typical Tai Chi Movements.
• Tai chi or health education for older adults with hypertension: effects on mental health and psychological resilience to COVID-19. Practicing Tai Chi improved mental health and resilience.
• A Call to Use the Multicomponent Exercise Tai Chi to Improve Recovery From COVID-19 and Long COVID. "Tai Chi is a multicomponent rehabilitation approach comprising correct breathing technique, balance and neuromuscular training as well as stress- and emotional management. In addition, practicing Tai Chi elicits the relaxation response and balances the autonomic nervous system thus regulating respiration, heart rate, blood pressure and vitality in general. Moreover, Tai Chi has been shown to increase lung capacity, improve cognitive status and mental health, and thereby even the quality of life in diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hence, we advocate Tai Chi as potent and suitable rehabilitation tool for post-COVID-19-affected individuals."
• Tai Chi Program to Improve Glucose Control and Quality of Life for the Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis. "Conclusion: Since we found Tai chi had better performance than usual care in improving old diabetes patients' glucose and life quality, the study supports that Tai chi can help old diabetes patients from several aspects including disease indicators, independence and life quality."
• The effect of mind-body exercise on cognitive function in cancer survivors: A systematic review. "Our results indicated that interventions including, yoga, tai chi, and qigong may improve objective and subjective cognitive function in cancer survivors."
• Qigong Training Positively Impacts Both Posture and Mood in Breast Cancer Survivors With Persistent Post-surgical Pain: Support for an Embodied Cognition Paradigm. Emotion and other patient centered outcomes should be considered within an embodied framework, and that Qigong may be a promising intervention for addressing biopsychosocially complex interventions such as persistent post-surgical pain in breast cancer survivors.
• Latin dance and Qigong/Tai Chi effects on physical activity and body composition in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study. "Conclusion: Latin dance and Qigong/Tai Chi are engaging and acceptable PA modalities that are promising for improving PA and body fat among diverse, high-risk BCS. Our findings highlight the need to continue to reach and engage high-risk BCS, including Latina survivors, using novel, culturally-sensitive PA interventions."
• Effects of Health Qigong Exercise on Lower Limb Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease. "Conclusion: Health Qigong exercise can improve walking ability and lower limb joint range of motion in patients with PD, lessen motor difficulties, and improve the quality of life. This non-pharmacological exercise intervention may be a useful adjustment treatment for PD." Note that this is another example of researchers in China using the standardized "Health Qigong" (as opposed to saying "Qigong") which is being heavily promoted by the Chinese government.
• Comparing the Effects of Short-Term Liuzijue Exercise and Core Stability Training on Balance Function in Patients Recovering From Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Conclusions: Liuzijue Qigong (LQG - Six Healing Sounds) exercise is a traditional Chinese exercise method in which breathing and pronunciation are combined with movement guidance. Breathing is closely related to balance, and LQG, as a special breathing exercise, can be applied to balance dysfunction after stroke. The short-term LQG combined with conventional rehabilitation training significantly improved the balance functions of stroke patients. It also improved static standing and sitting balance with the eyes open, diaphragm functions, maximum phonation time and the quality of daily life for stroke patients.
• Effects of Supervised Exercise Training on Atrial Fibrillation: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS.  Supervised exercise training (including Qigong) is safe, reduces atrial fibrillation recurrence, and improves quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness in participants with AF. 
• Effect of Sitting Ba-Duan-Jin Exercises on Balance and Quality of Life Among Older Adults: A Preliminary Study
• Effects of Home-Based Baduanjin Exercise on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Acute Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. This study provided powerful evidence for the use of home-based Baduanjin [Qigong] exercise by heart attack victims in alleviating heart remodeling and improving clinical outcomes.
• Network Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Different Types of Traditional Chinese Exercises on Pulmonary Function, Endurance Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients With COPD. The existing evidence shows that Qigong Animal Frolics has advantages over other TCEs in improving pulmonary function and endurance capacity in patients with COPD, while Tendon Changing has advantages in improving the quality of life. TCEs showed no significant adverse effects. Note that these TCEs are the ones promoted by the General Administration of Sport of China and consist of Tai Chi and several forms of "Health Qigong".
• Thoracolumbar Rotation During Tai Chi Movements-A Biomechanical Analysis of the Entire Peking Style Routine. Tai Chi biomechanics: "Most of the Tai Chi movements, regardless of the performed version, cover a range of motion of thoracolumbar rotation that has the potential to lead to an improvement of thoracolumbal spine flexibility with appropriate training. The most effective single movements (25.97–72.22°) are Brush Knee and Step Forward, Step Back and Repulse Monkey, Grasp the Sparrow‘s Tail, Wave Hand in the Clouds, and Fair Lady Weaves with Shuttle."
• Effects of Liuzijue Qigong Posture on Aerodynamics of Phonation in Healthy Volunteers. 
• Three-month Chan-Chuang qigong program improves physical performance and quality of life of patients with cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. "The 3-month Chan-Chuang qigong program can be applied for patients with mild to moderate cognitive impairment as complementary therapy to improve their muscle strength, muscle endurance, exercise capacity, and physical quality of life. This program should be practiced for at least 2 months to achieve satisfactory results."
• Effects of long-term Tai-Chi Chuan practice on whole-body balance control during obstacle-crossing in the elderly. 
• Meta-Analysis of Tai Chi Chuan in Treating Lumbar Spondylosis and Back Pain. "Conclusion: Our results indicate that Tai Chi individually or with additional treatment along with routine physical exercises might reduce the pain and functional disorders for the patients suffering from back pain."
• Comparison between tai chi and square dance on the anti-hypertensive effect and cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with essential hypertension: a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Tai Chi can reduce BMI and blood pressure among patients with hypertension.
• Impact of Qigong exercises on the severity of the menopausal symptoms and health-related quality of life: a randomized controlled trial. A twelve-week Qigong exercise program had beneficial effects on the severity of menopausal symptoms and health related quality of life, including physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, and mental health.
• Effect of Tai Chi Quan on the Pressure Pain Thresholds of Lower Back Muscles in Healthy Women. "Conclusion: Forty minutes of Tai Chi Quan exercise remarkably increased the pressure pain thresholds of lower back muscles in healthy women, and thresholds at by an these points increased average of 17.2%."
• Tai Chi for Dynamic Balance Training Among Individuals with Cerebellar Ataxia: An Assessor-Blinded Randomized-Controlled Trial
• Complementary medicine use in stroke survivors: a US nationally representative survey. Tai Chi is a complementary medicine therapy approach used by stroke survivors.
• [Active mind-body movement therapies and pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD]. "Active body-mind movement therapies are performed with the aim of engaging the person in taking care of their health. They are represented by Qi gong, Tai Chi and yoga. They all include postures, breathing exercises and meditation. When utilized together with traditional medicine, they allow a more holistic view of the patient, thereby facilitating improved quality of life."
• Effectiveness of a nurse-led Mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan (MTCC) program on Posttraumatic Growth and perceived stress and anxiety of breast cancer survivors. "The results from this randomized controlled trial showed that mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan was effective in cultivating PTG levels and reducing the stress and anxiety of breast cancer survivors for 1 year. It is a feasible, operable and easily acceptable intervention for clinic nurses to promote the psychological health of breast cancer patients during recovery."
• Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on cortical sources of EEG rhythms in the resting state in elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study. Long-term TCC practice is related to cortical neural synchronization of alpha oscillations and the desynchronization of slow delta oscillations in the elderly and might delay physiologic aging effects on brain cognitive function.
• Enhancing Subjective Well-Being Through Qigong: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Older Adults in Hong Kong With Chronic Physical Illness. Null results do occur.... Conclusions: The findings didn't support 12 weeks of Eight-section Brocades qigong as an effective treatment to enhance the subjective well-being of older adults with chronic physical illness. These null findings may be due to the possibilities that: (1) the treatment may have minimal effects on positive psychology outcomes; (2) the primary outcome measure showed possible ceiling effects for the groups; (3) the current study used an active control condition that may have had more benefits than the control conditions used in previous studies; (4) the current study may have been underpowered; (5) more than 12 weeks (24 sessions) of qigong may be required to impact well-being; or (6) some combination of these factors may have affected the results.
• Effects of Baduanjin Exercise [Qigong] on Rehabilitation of Patients With Mild to Moderate Parkinson's Disease. Conclusion: Baduanjin exercise shows beneficial effects for non-motor symptoms, balance, gait, and daily activities in patients with Parkinson's disease. Baduanjin can be included in the patients' family exercise, which is conducive to their rehabilitation, as well as for obtaining important social and economic benefits. Note that the intervention was "based on conventional medical treatment, each patient received Baduanjin exercise training according to the 'Health Qigong Baduanjin Standard' enacted by the General Administration of Sports in 2003." This is yet another example of Qigong research coming out of China that is using Health Qigong, which is being heavily promoted by the Chinese government.
• Mechanisms of motor symptom improvement by long-term Tai Chi training in Parkinson's disease patients. Conclusions: Long-term Tai Chi training improves motor function, especially gait and balance, in PD. The underlying mechanisms may include enhanced brain network function, reduced inflammation, improved amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and neurotransmitter metabolism, and decreased vulnerability to dopaminergic degeneration. 
• Effects of cognitive behavior therapy combined with Baduanjin in patients with colorectal cancer
• Complementary medicine use in US adults with hypertension: a nationally representative survey. Tai Chi and Qigong are mind-body medicine practiced for hypertension by people utilizing Complementary medicine.
• Becoming InterActive for Life: Mobilizing Relational Knowledge for Physical Educators. This paper reports on research into expert practices of partnered physical disciplines and what can be learned from such practices for becoming not just active but also inter-active for life.  Physical educators and physical education predominately involves "individualistic ways of conceiving and teaching movement, such as the isolated sport techniques and so-called fundamental movement skills that have a stranglehold on physical education pedagogy worldwide... phenomenological explorations of the 'felt sense' (Gendlin, 1962) of moving and being moved in response to an animate otherinteractive in ways that prioritize the felt sense of life communicated physically through the relational dynamics of posture, stance, position, and expression in PE contexts." Push-hands Tai Chi is referenced many times. 
• Efficacy of Liuzijue Qigong in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. "Conclusions: Liuzijue Qigong may be an effective adjuvant therapy for the improvement of lung function, exercise capacity, health status, mental status and quality of life in patients with COPD." Note that Liuzijue (Six Healing Sounds) Qigong includes very gentle, stationary standing, slow movements.
• The Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Yijinjing Qigong Exercise for the Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis on the Pain, Dysfunction, and Mood Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. 
• A cognitively enhanced online Tai Ji Quan training intervention for community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A feasibility trial. "Conclusions: Preliminary findings of this pilot study indicate the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a tailored, cognitively enhanced Tai Ji Quan training intervention delivered remotely to home settings via videoconferencing for community-dwelling older adults with MCI."
• Effect of Tai Chi exercise on lower limb function and balance ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis A protocol of a randomized controlled trial.
• Application of Image Mosaic Technology in Tai Chi Animation Creation
• Trends in Research on Traditional Chinese Health Exercises for Improving Cognitive Function: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature From 2001 to 2020. The authors note that there has been "a rapid increase in the number of publications and citations over the study period, which indicates that TCHEs have received increasing attention as a method for improving cognition". Tai Chi and Qigong help to manage cognitive decline. 
• Tai Chi Improves Brain Functional Connectivity and Plasma Lysophosphatidylcholines in Postmenopausal Women With Knee Osteoarthritis: An Exploratory Pilot Study
• Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Tai Chi aids pulmonary rehabilitation in individuals with COPD.
• Group- plus home-based Tai Chi program improves functional health among patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial. "Conclusions: This Tai Chi program significantly improved the functional health of patients with CHD, indicating that Tai Chi could be taught in group sessions and then continued independently as a home exercise routine for health promotion."
• An investigation to study the effects of Tai Chi on human gait dynamics using classical machine learning
• Tai Chi Training as a Primary Daily Care Plan for Better Balance Ability in People With Parkinson's Disease: An Opinion and Positioning Article. Tai Chi can improve balance ability and reduce the risk of falls in people with mild to moderate PD. It is an effective non-drug intervention.
• Rapid conversion of Tai Chi classes from face-to-face to virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic: A quality improvement project.
• Effects of home-based Baduanjin [Qigong] combined with elastic band exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. "Conclusion: Baduanjin combined with elastic band exercise may improve exercise capacity, physical function, muscle strength, QoL, and exercise self-efficacy for CHF patients in a home-based setting, which may be a complementary exercise model for home-based CHF patients who are clinically stable and cannot participate in centre-based exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes."
• Effects of Tai-Chi Chuan Practice on Patterns and Stability of Lower Limb Inter-Joint Coordination During Obstructed Gait in the Elderly.
• Cross-sectional study of depression tendency and sleep quality in 1352 people practicing Tai Chi. Long-term Tai Chi exercise may reduce the trend of poor sleep quality due to increased ageing.
• Mind-Body Therapies From Traditional Chinese Medicine: Evidence Map. Good summary of medical benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi. Note the following:  "Qi Gong external involves movements of the whole body or limbs (e.g., Tai Chi and Baduanjin), while Qigong internal requires the maintenance of posture with subtle body movements when performing exercises involving breathing and the mind (e.g., Meditation and Mindfulness)." The authors are saying that Tai Chi is an external form of Qigong.
• The health impact of an innovative summer camp for older adults: a pilot study using an interdisciplinary collaborative approach. This interdisciplinary, collaborative ISC program which includes Qigong (baduanjin) improved physical biomarkers and health-related fitness in older adults. 
• Does tai chi improve psychological well-being and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors? A systematic review. Tai Chi is beneficial in the management of anxiety, depression, and quality of life, and safe to practice in people with CVD and/or cardiovascular risk factors.
• Meta-Analysis of Elderly Lower Body Strength: Different Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on the Knee Joint-Related Muscle Groups. Tai Chi exercise has positive effects on lower body strength of elderly people and may be used as a rehabilitation treatment for training stable deep muscle groups to improve the knee flexion strength significantly.

• 2022

• Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Tai Chi to Improve Dual-Task Gait Performance in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. "Conclusion: Combining tDCS with TC may offer additional benefits over TC alone in enhancing dual-task gait performance in patients with MCI."
• Pilot study of tai chi and qigong on body composition, sleep, and emotional eating in midlife/older women. Results showed improved sleep quality, body awareness, and perceived stress.
• Muscle co-contraction and pre-activation in knee and ankle joint during a typical Tai Chi brush-knee twist-step
• Qigong for Muscle Strength and Static Postural Control in Middle-Aged and Older Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. "The results of the present study determined that a 12 week Qigong exercise program has beneficial effects on muscle strength and postural control of middle-aged and older postmenopausal Spanish women."
• The effect of Tai Chi on functional mobility, balance and falls in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews. "Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis found significant effects of Tai Chi on functional mobility, balance and falls in patients with PD."
• Baduanjin Exercise [Qigong] for Adults Aged 65 Years and Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies. "The aggregated results showed significant benefits of Baduanjin on physical function, walking ability, balance, and anxiety. A long-term Baduanjin intervention could also improve quality of life and reduce falls and pain. Baduanjin appears to have the potential to improve the health of older adults".
• Best-Compromise Control Strategy Between Mechanical Energy Expenditure and Foot Clearance for Obstacle-Crossing in Older Adults: Effects of Tai-Chi Chuan Practice
• Beneficial Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Tai Chi on Lower Limb Osteoarthritis: A Biopsychosocial Perspective.
• Effects of Low Back Pain Exercises on Pain Symptoms and Activities of Daily Living: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Exercises can reduce pain severity and improve ADL capacity in middle-aged and elderly persons with LBP, confirming that exercise can serve as a medical intervention for these indivdiuals. This paper includes the traditional Chinese exercises of Baduanjin (Qigong 8 Pieces of Brocade), Tai Chi, and Wuqinxi (Qigong Animal Frolics).
• A community-centric multi-disciplinary education program with the 8-section brocade Tai Chi therapy for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee - a pilot study. Qigong decreases patients' pain and improves mental healh. The repetition of each movement within a set of Qigong movements for some number of times is often called "Tai Chi QIgong". The researchers in this paper are openly referring to Qigong (8-section brocade, or baduanjin) as Tai Chi. This is an acknowledgement that Tai Chi practiced for health is equivalent to Qigong. This may also be motivated by the fact that their references for osteoarthritis research are mainly for Tai Chi.
• Effects of Baduanjin Exercise on Physical Function and Health-Related Quality of Life in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Trial. A 12-week Baduanjin [QIgong] exercise program may improve physical function and health related quality of life.
• Effects of Ai-Chi Practice on Balance and Left Cerebellar Activation during High Working Memory Load Task in Older People: A Controlled Pilot Trial. Ai-Chi is an available, non-invasive intervention method that may serve as a tool to improve cerebellar activation that in turn might improve balance. Ai-chi was developed by combining techniques of Tai-Chi and Qi Gong and performing them in the water. Ai-chi is performed in shoulder-depth water and contains deep breathing and slow movements of the arms, legs, and torso. The method follows a sequence of 19 movements and progresses from simple breathing to coordinating movements of the arms, trunk, and legs.
• The Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong Exercise on Psychological Status in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Two very interesting things to note about this paper. First, the conclusion in the Abstract only mentions Qigong, and not Tai Chi, even though Tai Chi is mentioned throughout the paper. Second, under Types of Intervention they say the following: "Studies had to use any type of Tai Chi or Qigong as an intervention." In other words, they are saying that any type of Tai Chi practiced for health or Qigong (i.e. any type of Qigong) are equivalent. This just underscores the importance of the shared fundamental components of the practice.
• The Effect of Exercise Intervention on Reducing the Fall Risk in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Exercise interventions which include Ba Duan Jin (Qigong) and Tai Chi have a huge and significant impact on reducing the risk of falls of the elderly. Interventions with a frequency of more than five times a week and a duration of more than 32 weeks are more effective in reducing the fall risk.
• Effect and mechanism of Tai Chi on blood pressure of patients with essential hypertension: a randomised controlled study. Tai Chi can improve the blood pressure of patients with hypertension by decreasing the serum Ang II level and increasing the serum NO level.
• Traditional Chinese Mind-Body Exercise Baduanjin Modulate Gray Matter and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Brain Imaging Study. Regular Baduanjin (Qigong) training improves cognitive function in older adults with MCI.
• Complementary and Integrative Health Interventions for Insomnia in Veterans and Military Populations. Tai Chi and mindfulness meditation are included in Complimentary and Integrative Health approaches.
• [Effects of 12-week Tai Chi exercise on the microvascular reactivity of the middle-aged and elderly patients with mild hypertension and its mechanism]. Twelve weeks of Taijiquan exercise can improve the microvascular reactivity of middle-aged hypertensive patients, reduce blood pressure, and increase the nitric oxide content and c nitric oxide synthase of patients. The increase of endogenous nitric oxide production is one of the biological mechanisms of Tai Chi exercise to improve the microvascular responsiveness of hypertension patients.
• Tai chi effects on balance in older adults: the role of sustained attention and myokines. "10 weeks of tai chi practice induced improvements in balance, which was related with improved sustained attention, and increased myokines levels, whereas decrements in balance under pandemic conditions were related with weight gain in older adults."
• The Potential Advantages of Tai Chi Chuan in Promoting Inhibitory Control and Spontaneous Neural Activity in Young Adults. "In conclusion, our results indicated that 8 weeks of TCC intervention could improve processing efficiency related to inhibitory control and alter spontaneous neural activity in young adults, and TCC had potential advantages over BW [brisk walking] intervention for optimizing spontaneous neural activity."
• An outpatient Tai Chi program: Effects on veterans' functional outcomes. A 12-week Tai Chi program improved functional outcomes for older veterans with mild to moderate gait and balance problems.
• The Feasibility of Tai Chi Exercise as a Beneficial Mind-Body Intervention in a Group of Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors with Symptoms of Depression. "Tai Chi exercise is a feasible intervention that can be used alongside conventional care to manage poststroke depression, aid in reducing symptoms of anxiety and stress, and improve sleep."
• Effects of Three Traditional Chinese Fitness Exercises Combined with Antihypertensive Drugs on Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Tai Chi plus drugs and Baduanjin (Qigong) plus drugs were both more effective than drugs alone in regulating blood pressure. In his seminal 1996 paper Anti-Aging Benefits of Qigong, Qigong Institute founder Dr. Ken Sancier found that the combination therapy of Qigong and drugs is superior to drug therapy alone. 
• The Effect of Yijinjing on the Cognitive Function of Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia. Yijinjing [Qigong Tendon Changing Practice] improves cognitive function and negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia.
• Baduanjin exercise ameliorates motor function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI): A randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: The 24-week Baduanjin exercise training may improve the limb motor function, balance, muscle strength and gait function of individuals with PSCI.
• Effect of qigong exercise and acupressure rehabilitation program (QARP) on pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial. "The results of this study showed that the integrated method of QARP plus standard therapies was more effective than the single standard therapies."
• Use of the Move to Emptiness Technique (MET) A Mind-Body Exercise for Treating Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Report. The paper reports a case alleviating a patient's physical and psychological symptoms related to trauma by combining Qigong with imagery, metaphor and suggestions. Conclusions: MET may be an alternative to commonly used trauma-focused treatments. It is safe and easy to learn for therapists and patients. First author is Harvard Medical School.
• Effect of liuzijue qigong on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Qigong Six Healing Sounds (Liuzjue Qigong) can improve lung ventilation function, exercise endurance and health-related quality of life of patients with stable COPD.
• Tai Chi and Yoga for Improving Balance on One Leg: A Neuroimaging and Biomechanics Study. Tai Chi improves balance in people with impaired balance.
• Adapting Chinese Qigong Mind-Body Exercise for Healthy Aging in Older Community-Dwelling Low-income Latino Adults: Pilot Feasibility Study. FITxOlder is feasible for promoting healthy aging in older Latino adults.
• Comparative Study of the Effects of Tai Chi and Square Dance on Immune Function, Physical Health, and Life Satisfaction in Urban Empty-Nest Older Adults. Conclusion: (1) Both Tai Chi and square dance practitioners had better health outcomes, compared with sedentary individuals; (2) Tai Chi practitioners had better physical health and immune function than Square dance practitioners. (3) Tai Chi and Square dance exercises had similar effects on life satisfaction among urban empty-nest older adults.
• Effect of Tai Chi on cardiac function in patients with myocardial infarction: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial
• The Effects of Qigong for Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Qigong can effectively reduce blood pressure levels. Longer-term engagement in the practice has an even better effect in hypertension patients.
• Effects of traditional Chinese exercises and general aerobic exercises on older adults with sleep disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Qigong and Tai Chi are non-pharmacological approaches that help improve sleep quality in older adults and after 12 weeks were demonstrably superior to general aerobic exercises.
• Diversification of Physical Activities: An Exploration of Provision Characteristics of Holistic Movement Practices in a Large Australian City. Holistic movement practices (HMPs) are an emerging category of physical activity, contributing to the diversification of physical activity opportunities. Purposefully incorporating not only physical but also mental, social, and/or spiritual elements, HMPs have received limited research attention with respect to participation parameters. This paper contains very comprehensive information on how Qigong and Tai Chi are practiced and is another example of defining meditative movement using the term Holistic Movement Practices.
• Effects of mind-body practice on arterial stiffness, central hemodynamic parameters and cardiac autonomic function of college students.  This study suggested that a 12-week Baduanjin exercise could maintain the body composition in a relatively healthy and stable range and improve blood pressure, central hemodynamics, and the arterial stiffness of the college students. The underlying mechanism might be due to the improvement of parasympathetic activity and the suppression of sympathetic activity of college students via Baduanjin exercise.
• Impact of mind-body intervention on proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and 1β: a three-arm randomized controlled trial for persons with sleep disturbance and depression. Qigong reduced depression, sleep disturbance, painful and painless somatic symptoms, IL-6 and IL-1β levels, and increased holistic well-being.
• Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise and Tai-Chi Interventions in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• Tai Chi as a Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Reducing Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Tai Chi is an effective intervention to improve blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.
• Effects of Eight Methods and Five Steps of Tai Chi Practice on Balance Control Among Older Adults. A new simplified Tai Chi improved  balance control among older adults.
• Tai Chi for cancer survivors: A systematic review toward consensus-based guidelines. Low-level evidence emerged to support the benefits of 40-60 min of thrice-weekly supervised Tai Chi for 8-12 weeks to improve fatigue and sleep quality in cancer survivors.
• Effects of Health Qigong in Improving the Cervical and Lumbar Disc Disease and Mental Health Status of Sedentary Young and Middle-Aged Faculties. Health Qigong improves the range of motion of cervical and lumbar vertebrae and the mental health status of sedentary young and middle-aged groups
• Effects of Non-Pharmacological Treatment on Pain, Flexibility, Balance and Quality of Life in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomised Clinical Trial. A four week Qigong treatment program improved flexibility, static balance, pain and quality of life of women with fibromyalgia.
• The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine-based exercise on physical performance, balance and muscle strength among older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Conclusion: This systematic review reveals that TCM-based exercises (Tai Chi and Qigong) can effectively improve physical performance outcomes, balance outcomes, and muscle strength in the elderly population.
• A Randomized Controlled Trial of Tai Chi Chih or Health Education for Geriatric Depression. Conclusions: Both TCC and HEW combined with a standard antidepressant treatment improved symptoms of depression in older adults. While TCC was superior to HEW in improving general health, we did not find group differences in improvement in mood and cognition.
• Effect of Tai Chi on Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
• The effects of Baduanjin exercise on the subjective memory complaint of older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Baduanjin exercise appears to be a feasible and acceptable intervention to improve subjective memory complaint among older adults.
• Baduanjin exercise can alleviate anxiety and depression of patients with COVID-19 in Square cabin hospital: A cross-sectional survey. Baduanjin Qigong helped alleviate anxiety and depression symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
• Assessment of the effects of Liuzijue Qigong on the lung function of COVID-19 patients during disease recovery: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine's Effectiveness in Reducing High-Impact Chronic Pain and Opioid Consumption: A Case Report in the Veteran Population. Qigong helps veteran wean off of opiods and achieve adequate pain management. Qigong offers a safe and effective option in providing pain relief using nonpharmacological means and thus avoiding undesired effects.
• An Innovative Tai Chi and Qigong Telehealth Service in Supportive Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Supportive cancer care services, including acupuncture and Tai Chi and Qigong (TQ), are offered to cancer patients to manage cancer symptoms and/or treatment-related adverse effects and improve quality of life during and after standard care. Normal face-to-face acupuncture and TQ group services were suspended during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic to reduce the risk of transmission of infection and meet social distancing restriction guidelines. This led to a sudden shift from face-to-face sessions to telehealth sessions in the health care system. We report patients' experiences of TQ telehealth services as a new initiative developed for cancer care. We found that delivery of TQ telehealth is feasible and resulted in increased overall patient satisfaction with cancer care services during the lockdown.
• Long-Term Wu Qin Xi Exercise on Response Inhibition and Cortical Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease: Design and Implementation of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
• Aerobic, resistance, and mind-body exercise are equivalent to mitigate symptoms of depression in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. "Since mind-body exercise engages low intensity muscular activity (i.e., yoga, Tai Chi, qigong), the novel evidence in the current systematic analysis challenges the perception that exercise intensity is the primary mechanism for the antidepressive effect of exercise. Rather, mind-body exercise combines the mental and physical aspects of exercise, which may result in similar antidepressive effects to higher intensity exercise. Critical to these mental aspects is interoceptive sensations such as an internally directed focus on breathing and proprioception, which have previously been linked to the resilience of depressive states."
• Impact of Tai Chi on CRP, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi can significantly reduce TNF-alpha. Tai Chi with a high exercise amount can reduce IL-6 and CRP. Tai Chi with a high exercise amount could be suggested as a complementary intervention for people with COVID-19.
• The Effect of Different Traditional Chinese Exercises on Blood Lipid in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. The "traditional Chinese exercises" of Tai Chi and various types of Health Qigong had differing amounts of positive effect upon individuals with dyslipidemia which is a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
• Application of Tai Chi in stage Ⅱ cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction: A series of case reports
• Effects of Baduanjin Exercise on Antihypertensive Medication Reduction in Older Patients with Hypertension: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
• Four-week Tai Chi intervention decreases attention bias to drug cues in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). Conclusion: Four-week Tai Chi intervention reduced sensitivity and attentional bias to drug-related cues in individuals with MUD, suggesting that mind-body exercise might enhance recovery from MUD via attention control.
• Effects of Tai Chi Softball Exercises on Physical Fitness Level and Cardiovascular Health-Related Factors among Older Females. What will they think of next? Tai Chi softball decreased blood pressure; improved strength, flexibility and balance; reduced risk of cardiovascular disease; and improved cardiovascular function.
• Effect of qigong for sleep disturbance-related symptom clusters in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Qigong can be recommended for improving sleep disturbance-fatigue symptom clusters in the cancer population, while Qigong's benefit on sleep is likely based on its effect on reducing fatigue.
• The Positive Role of Tai Chi in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The benefits of Tai Chi practice for individuals coping with COVID-19 are stated here which include immune system promotion, inflammation response reduction, rehabilitation in respiratory diseases, and emotional improvement. This statement has been supported by available clinical, physiological, and biological research. As a result, we [the authors] hope to introduce Tai Chi as an effective exercise intervention for people coping with COVID-19 and as a beneficial exercise for maintaining an active lifestyle during a pandemic.
• Therapeutic Effects of Ba-Duan-Jin versus Pregabalin for Fibromyalgia Treatment: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. 
• A Meta-Analysis: Intervention Effect of Mind-Body Exercise on Relieving Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients. Qigong and Tai Chi are among the mind-body exercises which relieve cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients.
• Tai Chi for Improving Chronic Primary Musculoskeletal Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review
• Is Tai Chi an effective intervention for enhancing health-related quality of life in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? Tai Chi enhances the physical and psychosocial well-being in older people with MCI.
• Tai Chi for improving balance and reducing falls: An overview of 14 systematic reviews. Tai Chi may be beneficial for improving balance and reducing falls in older people and those with Parkinson disease.
• Effects of Tai Chi on health outcomes among community-dwelling adults with or at risk of metabolic syndrome: A systematic review
• Tai Chi Chuan Alters Brain Functional Network Plasticity and Promotes Cognitive Flexibility
• Observational Study of Qigong as a Complementary Self-Care Practice at a Tertiary-Care Pain Management Unit. "Those engaged in qigong have a stronger internal health locus of control than control subjects. Diligent qigong practice provides multiple health benefits for those with chronic pain, and qualitative assessments are essential for documenting these effects."
• Efficacy of Qigong Exercise for Treatment of Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Qigong improves fatigue in patients diagnosed with various diseases. 
• Assessment of Qigong Effects on Anxiety of High-school Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Qigong reduces anxiety and controls the stress of high-school students.
• Tai Chi for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): An Overview of Systematic Reviews
• Relaxation or Regulation: The Acute Effect of Mind-Body Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Subjective State in Experienced Qi Gong Practitioners. The overall goal of this study was to explore the psychophysiological mechanism underlying mind-body exercise using the example of a standard moving Qi Gong exercise (Baduanjin). Two bouts of Baduanjin effectively induced a state of eutonic calmness, characterized by high calmness and perceived body activation, increased subjective vitality, attentional focus and body awareness, accompanied by pleasurable body sensations.
• Bibliometric Evaluation of Global Tai Chi Research from 1980-2020
• Knee joint biomechanics of simplified 24 Tai Chi forms and association with pain in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study. Conclusions: Our pilot results explored the knee joint biomechanics profiles of individual TC forms and examined their associations with knee joint pain. The findings in this study could provide scientific basis to select the best TC forms for the purpose of reducing knee joint pain among individuals with knee OA.
• Baduanjin Qigong Intervention by Telerehabilitation (TeleParkinson): A Proof-of-Concept Study in Parkinson's Disease.
• Mind-Body Exercise Modulates Locus Coeruleus and Ventral Tegmental Area Functional Connectivity in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment. 6 months of Baduanjin exercise can significantly improve cognitive function compared to brisk walking and health education.
• Effects of Tai Chi on the Executive Function and Physical Fitness of Female Methamphetamine (MA) Dependents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Conclusion: These findings showed that 3 months of Tai Chi training can improve the inhibitory control and maintain the working memory and cognitive flexibility of MA dependents. Other data implied that Tai Chi may improve the physical fitness of MA dependents.
• Biomechanical joint loading mechanism of Tai Chi gait in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot simulation study. "Our simulation results showed the JCL, muscle forces profiles, and muscle contributions to the JCL during TC gait in knee OA. The findings of this study provided a direct scientific link between JCL and muscle forces during TC gait in knee OA. This would allow us to develop more effective TC interventions for knee OA in the future."
• A systematic review and meta-analysis of Liuzijue in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study suggested that Liuzijue (Qigong healing sounds) could effectively improve dyspnea, exercise capacity, lung function, and quality of life for COPD patients.
• The (cost-)effectiveness of an implemented fall prevention intervention on falls and fall-related injuries among community-dwelling older adults with an increased risk of falls: protocol for the in balance randomized controlled trial. This paper describes a protocol for a study on reducing fall risk that uses exercises based on Tai Chi. Although this paper not a result, there is some very good background information on fall reduction research.
• Tai Chi for health and well-being: A bibliometric analysis of published clinical studies between 2010 and 2020. The top ten diseases/conditions were hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, knee osteoarthritis, heart failure, depression, osteoporosis/osteopenia, breast cancer, coronary heart disease and insomnia. Yang style Tai Chi was the most popular, followed by Chen and Sun style. Tai Chi was mostly commonly delivered face-to-face by a Tai Chi instructor in group settings for 60 min, three times a week, for 12 weeks. Most studies (93.8 %) reported at least one outcome in favor of Tai Chi. 
• Exploring Tai Chi Exercise and Mind-Body Breathing in Patients with COPD in a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. Tai Chi improves short-term benefits in mood, social support and functional capacity.
• Effects of Chinese Mind-Body Exercises on Executive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Qigong and Tai Chi are effective methods with small to moderate positive effects in enhancing executive function, and t more frequent group classes and home practice sessions may increase these effects. 
• The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan Training on Stereotypic Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Tai Chi Chuan training is a useful and appropriate intervention to modulate behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
• Implementing an Online Virtual Falls Prevention Intervention During a Public Health Pandemic for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): A Feasibility Trial. This feasibility study showed that a dual-task Tai Ji Quan balance-training intervention designed for community-dwelling older adults with MCI was successfully implemented using a virtual format. The Tai Ji Quan training group had improved balance, mobility, and dual-task performances. This study also demonstrated that a Tai Ji Quan-based falls prevention intervention was deliverable to community-dwelling older adults with MCI via Zoom technology. 
• Susceptibility of Women to Cardiovascular Disease and the Prevention Potential of Mind-Body Intervention by Changes in Neural Circuits and Cardiovascular Physiology. Strategies to manage women's mental health can contribute to preventing cardiovascular disease. Mind-body interventions, such as meditation, yoga and qigong are forms of exercise that strive to actively manage both mind and body. They can provide beneficial effects on stress reduction and mental health. They are also seen as structurally and functionally changing the brain, as well as affecting cortisol secretion, blood pressure, heart rate variability, immune reactions and reducing menopausal symptoms, thus positively affecting women's cardiovascular health.
• Effects of a Tai Chi-Based Stroke Rehabilitation Program on Symptom Clusters, Physical and Cognitive Functions, and Quality of Life: A Randomized Feasibility Study. Tai Chi was more effective than a normal stroke-management program for flexor muscle strength, ambulation, and activities of daily living and cognitive function.
• A Randomized Trial of Tai Chi on Preventing Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients
• Effects of a short eight Tai Chi-forms for the pre-frail elderly people in senior living communities. Tai Chi improves physical function, fear of falling, and depression. 
• Qigong for women with breast cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: This review shows that Qigong is beneficial for improving quality of life and relieving depression and anxiety; thus, Qigong should be encouraged in women with breast cancer.
• Using Slow-Paced Breathing to Foster Endurance, Well-Being, and Sleep Quality in Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Borges....Laborde. 2021
• Effects of Tai Chi or Conventional Exercise on Central Obesity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults : A Three-Group Randomized Controlled Trial. Tai chi is an effective approach to reduce waist circumference and body weight in adults with central obesity aged 50 years or older.
• Tai Chi Interventions Promoting Social Support and Interaction Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Group Tai Chi interventions for older adults increase social support and health benefits among this population.
• A comparison between Qigong exercise and cycle ergometer exercise for the rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial (CONSORT). Qigong and cycle ergometer exercise had similar rehabilitation effects on the improvement of the cardiopulmonary endurance and quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
• Managing the experience of breathlessness with Tai Chi: A qualitative analysis from a randomized controlled trial in COPD. In addition to improvements in energy and endurance, Tai Chi promoted physical and mental wellbeing by diminishing fear and embarrassment associated with breathlessness. Results highlight the multimodal characteristics of TC that may facilitate continued physical activity and improvement in quality of life.
• NCCIH Strategic Plan FY 2021 - 2025. NCCIH’s new strategic plan for Fiscal Years 2021–2025 expands the definition of integrative health to include whole person health, that is, empowering individuals, families, communities, and populations to improve their health in multiple interconnected domains: biological, behavioral, social, and environmental. The plan recognizes the need to expand the current model of biomedical research to include whole person health. Among other things, this requires multicomponent interventions that impact multiple systems of the body. The plan also notes that there continues to be a growing interest in the use of complementary and integrative health approaches for preventing the onset of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, promoting psychological and physical health and well-being, and enhancing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral resilience. Research has demonstrated the feasibility of conducting interventions that incorporate complementary and integrative health approaches, especially meditative approaches, for health promotion and disease prevention, particularly among adult populations. The plan specifically mentions Tai Chi and Qigong as psychological and physical approaches and meditative exercise interventions for health restoration, resilience, disease prevention, and health promotion across the lifespan. 
• American College of Physicians recommends tai chi for lower back pain.
• Chinese stroke survivors' perceptions of participation in exercise or sitting Tai Chi. Conclusions: Encouragement and support, motivation, and perceived benefits were important for exercise participation after stroke. With the premise that all medical and nursing students in China are trained in Tai Chi, for stroke survivors with no access to formal exercise programmes, sitting Tai Chi may offer an appropriate alternative.
• Effects of water-based Liuzijue exercise on peak exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, and quality of life in people with COPD. Conclusions: Water-based Liuzijue exercise can effectively improve peak exercise capacity, functional exercise capacity, and quality of life in people with COPD. The Health Qigong version of Liu Zi Jue (Six Healing Sounds Qigong) used in this research utilizes very slow movements intermixed with the healing sounds.
• Taijiquan and qigong as a mindfulness cognitive-behavioural based therapy on the treatment of cothymia in school-age children - A preliminary study. Tai Chi and Qigong are therapeutic cognitive-behavioural approaches for children who suffer from cothymia (mixed anxiety and depression), as well as prevention and control for children who may not display symptoms at a clinical level.
• Qigong Exercise for Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy and at High Risk for Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Qigong exercise helped relieve depression, reduce negative thoughts, and improve the quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
• Effects of wheelchair Tai Chi ball exercise on physical and mental health and functional abilities among elderly with physical disability. Wheelchair Tai Chi Ball exercise had positive effects on self-efficacy for pain management, general physical health, and maintenance of upper extremity muscle strength and is a feasible exercise for elderly with disability.
• The effect of Tai Chi exercise on postural time-to-contact in manual fitting task among older adults. Tai Chi enhances postural control and stability in older adults.
• Clinical Evidence of Tai Chi Exercise Prescriptions: A Systematic Review. This systematic review summarizes the existing literature on Tai Chi randomized controlled trials and recommend Tai Chi exercise prescriptions for different diseases and populations.
• Addressing COVID-19 challenges in a randomised controlled trial on exercise interventions in a high-risk population. The ENTAIER-randomised controlled trial was investigating the influence of mindful movements on fall risk, fear of falling, mobility, balance, life quality, and other outcomes with Tai Chi as one of the therapies. It was interrupted by COVID. The researchers proceeded with a literature review on the feasibility of telemedicine, participated in international telemedicine task forces on mind-body medicine, and interviewed study therapists which included Tai Chi teachers. The result is recommendations for management of ongoing clinical trials incorporating telemedicine during challenging scenarios such as global pandemics.
• Tai Chi exercise improves age-associated decline in cerebrovascular function: a cross-sectional study. Tai Chi exercise  enhances mental health in the older adults. 
• Effects of Health Qigong Exercises on Physical Function on Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Conclusion: Health Qigong exercises can significantly improve physical functions in patients with PD, especially for the balance ability, gait, joint range of motion in patients with PD. It can reduce their activity risk factor and improve their quality of life. "Health Qigong" consists of a number of standardized versions of Qigong forms (such as Ba Duan Jin, tendon changing, animal frolics) and is being promoted in research and to the public by the Chinese government.
• Effects of diaphragmatic deep breathing exercises on prehypertensive or hypertensive adults: A literature review. Diaphragmatic deep breathing (which is fundamental to the practice of Qigong) resulted in decreased of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, reduced heart rate, a relaxing effect, and reduced anxiety in hypertensive or prehypertensive individuals
• Tai Chi exercise for psychological well-being among adults with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
• Effect of Baduanjin Exercise on the Cognitive Function of Middle-aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Baduanjin is safe and effective in enhancing cognitive function and memory in middle-aged and older adults
• "Hang the Flesh off the Bones": Cultivating an "Ideal Body" in Taijiquan and Neigong. We argue that Neigong and Taijiquan, rather than being forms of physical education, are vehicles for adult physical re-education. This re-education offers space in which mind-body tension built over the life course are systematically released through specific forms of attentive, meditative exercise to lay the foundations for a strong, powerful body for martial artistry and health.
• Effectiveness of physical activity interventions in improving objective and patient-reported outcomes in head and neck cancer survivors: A systematic review. Although traditional aerobic and resistance interventions were more common, a greater proportion of alternative physical activity (yoga and Tai Chi) interventions demonstrated improved objective and patient-reported outcomes.
• What Do Academic Physicians Think of Tai Chi? A Qualitative Study. Conclusions: This exploratory study found that although all the academic physicians interviewed had heard about Tai Chi, most were unaware of the extent of evidence from RCTs supporting its therapeutic effects. To apply this evidence in their practice, they wanted to learn more about it from other physicians, have better integration of the evidence into medical knowledge products, and know that there was access, and patient receptivity, to Tai Chi classes in the communities where they practiced.
• Factors Influencing Preference for Intervention in a Comparative Effectiveness Trial of Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery and Tai Chi/ Qigong in Cancer Survivors. Understanding the factors that influence cancer survivors' preference for mind-body interventions can augment health care providers' knowledge of the barriers and facilitators for successful implementation of interventions in clinical settings, as well as help patients make informed treatment decisions and improve satisfaction and outcomes. 
• 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. Tai chi is strongly recommended for patients with knee and/or hip OA.
• The effect of Tai Chi on the pulmonary rehabilitation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Conclusions: Tai Chi may have the potential to reduce dyspnoea, enhance exercise capacity, and improve the quality of life in COPD patients. People with COPD may obtain benefit from practicing Tai Chi.
• Tai chi improves psychoemotional state, cognition, and motor learning in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Effects of Tai Chi exercise on improving walking function and posture control in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. This meta-analysis provided evidence from 11 RCTs that Tai Chi could be an excellent physical training strategy for improving walking function and posture control in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Assuming that Tai Chi is at least effective and safe in most areas, it can be used as an adjuvant and reliable physical training strategy for walking function upgrading and balance control improvements for older patients with knee osteoarthritis.
• Clinical Effects of Baduanjin Qigong Exercise on Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials. This meta-analysis not only supported that the Baduanjin exercise can alleviate the degree of cancer-related fatigue in patients but also improved their quality of life and sleep quality.
• Recreational Therapy to Promote Mobility in Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review. Tai Chi is a recreational therapy program for older adults which improves flexibility, functional mobility, and balance. Studies assessing program implementation highlighted that program delivery was facilitated by clear instruction, encouragement, attendance documentation, and minimal equipment. 
• Qigong exercise enhances cognitive functions in the elderly via an interleukin-6-hippocampus pathway: a randomized active-controlled trial. A 12-week Qigong program
  enhanced cognitive function through reduced inflammation in neuro-immune pathways.
• The effect of the range of motion exercises combined with tai chi intradialysis on the adequacy of hemodialysis in patients at lebak district hospital
• The Effectiveness of Qigong in Managing a Cluster of Symptoms (Breathlessness-Fatigue-Anxiety) in Patients with Lung Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Qigong was effective in reducing dyspnea and cough, and improving Quality of Life.
• Complementary and alternative medicine therapies and COVID-19: a systematic review.  CAM interventions including Qigong significantly improved various psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, negative emotions, quality of life) and physical symptoms (inflammatory factors, physical activity, chest pain, and respiratory function) in COVID-19 patients. 
• The impact of Tai Chi and mind-body breathing (MBB) in COPD: Insights from a qualitative sub-study of a randomized controlled trial. Compared to MBB, those in Tai Chi shared more intention to continue with self-care behaviors, physical activity self-efficacy, and improved flexibility. Mind-body interventions including meditative breathing may impact behavior-related neurocognitive and emotional factors that improve self-care management and support positive behavioral changes in patients with COPD.
• A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Tai Chi on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Middle-Aged and Elderly Diabetic Patients: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials. Tai Chi in sessions lasting longer than 50 minutes (at least three times per week, for at least 12 weeks) can effectively improve glucose and lipid metabolism in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients.
• Baduanjin Qigong Improves Balance, Leg Strength, and Mobility in Individuals With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study. Baduanjin is effective in improving balance, leg strength, and mobility and is a safe and sustainable form of home-based exercise for people with chronic stroke.
• Different Training Durations and Frequencies of Tai Chi for Bone Mineral Density Improvement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi has benefits in attenuating BMD loss. Different training durations and frequencies may result in variable effectiveness.
• The Effects of Tai Chi Exercise Among Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: An Overview of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi (TC) is a popular form of exercise among adults with chronic heart failure (CHF), yet services are greatly underutilized. TC may be a promising complementary treatment for CHF.
• Overview of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Chinese Medicine Therapy. Combining Qigong breathing characteristics with unique pathologies can provide AI-guided medical interventions using treatment databases for those pathologies. The daily vitality score indexis collected using AI monitoring to summarize the specific breathing characteristics of Qigong to guide patients to stay healthy.
• Psycho-Electrophysiological Benefits of Forest Therapies Focused on Qigong and Walking with Elderly Individuals. Both active walking and Qigong in the forest were shown to have distinctive neuropsychological and electrophysiological benefits, and both had beneficial effects in terms of preventing dementia and relieving related health problems for elderly individuals.
• Postural Responses to Sudden Horizontal Perturbations in Tai Chi Practitioners. Tai Chi could be beneficial to reactive postural responses after sudden perturbations in a horizontal direction. This would help reduce the risk of falls.
• Circulating Mediators of Apoptosis and Inflammation in Aging; Physical Exercise Intervention. Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass caused by many cellular mechanisms and also by lifestyle factors such as low daily physical activity. In addition, it has been shown that sarcopenia may be associated with inflammation and cognitive impairment in old age. Regular exercise is key in reducing inflammation and preventing sarcopenia and diseases related to cognitive impairment. The study demonstrated that Tai-Chi training significantly reduced the symptoms of sarcopenia through the changes in body composition and physical performance, and improvements in cytokine-related mechanisms of apoptosis.
• Dose-Response Association of Tai Chi and Cognition among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi has beneficial effects on cognitive function.
• Feasibility of Implementing a Tai Chi Program in an Assisted Living Facility: Reducing Fall Risks and Improving Quality of Life. One in four American older adults fall every year, resulting in injuries, death, and significant financial burden. Although fall etiology is multifactorial, the medical problems and aging factors that lead to unsteady gait and imbalance represent one of the major fall risks among older adults. Regular Tai Chi (TC) practice improves physical, cognitive, and psychological function. This 12-week (45 min per session)  Sun Style Tai Chi program in a 75 bed assisted living facility reduced the risk of falling and increased functional mobility.
• Effect of Tai Chi on Markers of Oxidative Stress: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
• Effects of Tai Chi and running on blood oxygen saturation: a pilot study. 
• Examining the Impact of a Peer-Led Group Program for Veteran Engagement and Well-Being. As the Whole Health movement expands-both in VA and elsewhere-our findings suggest that guiding patients in an exploration of their personal values and life goals can help in key areas of patient engagement and mental and physical health outcomes.
• Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches Offered in the Veterans Health Administration: Results of a National Organizational Survey. The provision of CIH approaches was widespread at the VA in 2017-2018, with over half of responding sites offering five or more approaches. The survey included eight evidence-based CIH approaches (including Qigong and Tai Chi) that are part of the Veterans Medical Benefits Package and are more commonly seen in medical care outside the VA. As patients seek nonpharmacologic options to address their pain, anxiety, depression, and well-being, the nation's largest integrated health care system is well-positioned to meet that demand. Providing these therapies might not only increase patient satisfaction but also their health and well-being with limited to no adverse events.
• Posture Adjustment and Health Preserving in Health Qigong [from The Tai Chi & Q Gong Way Facebook page]
• The effects on pain, physical function, and quality of life of quadriceps strengthening exercises combined with Baduanjin qigong in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: a quasi-experimental study. Qigong combined with quadriceps strengthening exercises is more effective than quadriceps strengthening exercises alone.
• Effects of a 16-week Tai Chi intervention on cutaneous sensitivity and proprioception among older adults with and without sensory loss. Tai Chi improved sensitivity and proprioception in older adults with sensory loss.
• Community qigong for People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pragmatic Feasibility Study. Outcomes included improved mental health, quality of life, reduced fatigue and depression, improved energy, flexibility, sleep, and mobility.
• Non-pharmacological management of hypertension. Lifestyle modifications that effectively lower blood pressure include increased physical activity, Tai Chi, and mindfulness.
• Qigong mind-body program for caregivers of cancer patients: design of a pilot three-arm randomized clinical trial. This is the design of a trial and not trial results, but as usual with designs, they include some very good background info. 
• The effects of sitting Tai Chi on physical and psychosocial health outcomes among individuals with impaired physical mobility: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The effects of sitting Tai Chi on physical and psychosocial health outcomes among individuals with impaired physical mobility: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
• Rehabilitation in patients with lymphoma: an overview of Systematic Reviews. Qigong/Tai Chi (i.e. Qigong and Tai Chi as Meditative Movement) improved symptoms and overall quality of life
• Behavioral and ERP Correlates of Long-Term Physical and Mental Training on a Demanding Switch Task. Though research studies on the individual effects of physical and mental training report improvement in cognitive function, research on combined physical and mental training—such as Tai Chi, dancing, sports, and other exercise disciplines that combine the simultaneous practice of cognition + moderate exercise—suggests increased benefits compared to exercise that does not require attention, planning, memory or other cognitive challenge.
• The Influences of Tai Chi on Balance Function and Exercise Capacity among Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Stroke patients are able to improve their balance functions and exercise capacities prominently when they do Tai Chi exercise once or twice a week and ≥5 times/week and >30 ≤ 60 min/time.
• The Specific and Nonspecific Effects of Tai Chi and Its Possible Central Responses: A Protocol of Neuroimaging Study
• Evidence for the efficacy of Tai Chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of systematic reviews
• Individual analysis of dynamic stability for twenty-four Tai Chi forms among persons with knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study
• Effect of Tai Chi on muscle strength, physical endurance, postural balance and flexibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi training improves physical fitness when evaluated by tests used in health-related fitness or competitive sports; for healthy people such tests are more relevant compared with the clinical assessment tools used for unfit and patient populations. Tai Chi also improves flexibility and postural balance. This article (see the PMC) recommends evaluating Tai Chi the same as any other sport, and it is another indication of a trend in research where Qigong and Tai Chi are being treated as "traditional Chinese exercise". In other words, treat them as any other sport, starting in grade school. The Chinese government is the biggest proponent of this trend through the Chinese Health Qigong Association which is promoting traditional Chinese exercise world-wide.
• Effects of Qigong Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Young Sedentary Females: A Quasi-Experimental Design, Placebo-Controlled Study. 8 weeks of Qigong training increased aerobic capacity and tended to improve working memory in otherwise sedentary young females.
• Effects of traditional Chinese exercise on patients with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Baduanjin (Qigong) is an effective traditional Chinese exercise for improving cognition.
• Effect of tai chi on glycaemic control, lipid metabolism and body composition in adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Tai Chi had better effects on metabolic control and body composition indicators than clinical conventional therapy, and the effects on several other measures were superior to aerobic exercise.
• The Impact of Tai Chi Exercise on Health Care Utilization and Imputed Cost in Residents of Low-Income Senior Housing. 
• Effects of Tai Chi or Exercise on Sleep in Older Adults With Insomnia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Tai Chi is as effective as conventional exercise for insomnia, and the effects were sustained for 24 months.
• Effects of Basketball and Baduanjin Exercise Interventions on Problematic Smartphone Use and Mental Health among College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• Moving With Pain: What Principles From Somatic Practices Can Offer to People Living With Chronic Pain. This article brings together research from the fields of chronic pain management and somatic practices to develop a novel framework of principles to support people living with persistent pain. These include movement-based approaches to awareness of the internal body (interoception), the external environment (exteroception) and movement in space (proprioception). These significantly work with the lived subjective experiences of people living with pain, to become aware of body signals and self-management of symptoms, explore fear and pleasure of movement, and understand how social environments impact on pain. Notice in the PMC article that the combination of body awareness, interoception, exteroception, and movement is basically a definition of practicing Qigong. Although the article does not mention Qigong per se, it does reference Tai Chi.
• Assessing the effect of a mind-body exercise, qigong Baduanjin, on sleep disturbance among women experiencing intimate partner violence and possible mediating factors: a randomized-controlled trial
• The Safety of Baduanjin Exercise: A Systematic Review
• Current Evidence on Traditional Chinese Exercises for Quality of Life in Patients With Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi and Qigong improve Quality of Life in patients with hypertension.
• A narrative review of risk factors and interventions for cancer-related cognitive impairment. Tai Chi and Qigong are among the physical therapies which are beneficial in alleviating cancer-related cognitive impairment symptoms. 
• Tai Chi practitioners have lower fall risks under dual-task conditions during stair descending
• Effect of Tai Chi on Quality of Life (QoL), Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed positive evidence regarding the effectiveness of Tai Chi in improving the QoL, BMI, and WHR of T2DM patients. Various types of Tai Chi can be applied to T2DM patients aged between 50 and 70 years. The minimum valid training duration of Tai Chi for T2DM patients is about 12 weeks. The recommended Tai Chi training frequency is at least thrice a week and 30 to 60 min per training session. Tai Chi could be an alternative for physical activity in T2DM patients to improve the QoL and for weight management.
• The benefits of Qigong exercise for symptoms of fatigue: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
• Tai Chi for the elderly patients with COVID-19 in recovery period. A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
• New Frontiers in the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Qigong recommended for Alzheimer's Disease treatment.
• Liuzijue qigong (healing sounds) versus traditional breathing training for patients with post-stroke dysarthria complicated by abnormal respiratory control: Results of a single-center randomized controlled trial
• The Impact of Tai Chi on Motor Function, Balance, and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi is a relatively safe activity that can result in gains in general motor function and improve bradykinesia and balance.
• Effects of Movement-Based Mind-Body Interventions (MBI) on Physical Fitness in Healthy Older Adults: A Meta-Analytical Review. MBI's help maintain physical fitness, including functional mobility, balance, endurance, and flexibility.
• The Clinical, Philosophical, Evolutionary and Mathematical Machinery of Consciousness: An Analytic Dissection of the Field Theories and a Consilience of Ideas. Any theory of consciousness must include the fact that a conscious entity, as far as is known, is a wet biological medium (the brain), of stupendously high entropy. This organ or entity generates a field that must account for the "binding problem", which we will define. This proposed field, the conscious electro-magnetic information (CEMI) field, also has physical properties.
• Eastern Integrative Medicine and Ancient Sound Healing Treatments for Stress: Recent Research Advances. Numerous traditional medicine techniques such as yoga, sound healing, Qigong, Tai Chi Chuan, and acupuncture have recently been studied in relation to their potential for reduction of human chronic stress, a widespread societal health problem.
• Effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Exercise for Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) -- Tai Chi and Qigong -- helps in alleviating pain; relieving stiffness and improving the physical function for patients with KOA.
• Tai Chi training's effect on lower extremity muscle co-contraction during single- and dual-task gait: Cross-sectional and randomized trial studies. 
• Review of Clinical Trials on the Effects of Tai Chi Practice on Primary Hypertension: The Current State of Study Design and Quality Control. The benefits of Tai Chi practice for blood pressure management have been identified in all of the included 45 studies, and Tai Chi exercise has shown significant efficacy in improving hypertension clinical symptoms and quality of life, compared to the majority of control interventions.
• Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review. Tai Chi improves cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment.
• Effect of Tai Chi and Resistance Training on Cancer-Related Fatigue and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Elderly Cancer Patients. Tai Chi is as effective as resistance training for significantly increasing muscle strength, reducing cancer-related fatigue and improving Quality of Life in the middle-aged and elderly cancer patients. Tai Chi is more effective than resistance training for sleep quality and mental health. 
• Effect of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Regular Baduanjin training is associated with less loss of cognitive function in patients after stroke.
• Baduanjin exercise for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Baduanjin exercise improves exercise capacity, pulmonary function, and quality of life for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Effects of qigong on systolic and diastolic blood pressure lowering: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.  Qigong is capable in enhancing interoception, regulating the cognitive control network, and modulating emotion processing to boost well-being [46]. It can be considered as a mindful exercise which leads to changes in central neurotransmitter systems, neuroendocrine modulation and reduction in stress-related hormones and regulation of neurotrophic factors and central neuroplasticity [48]. As reflected by the cardiovascular fitness construct, Qigong mechanisms may involve regulation of the autonomic nervous system with optimization of SNS activity, increases in PNS activity and enhanced sympatho-vagal balance through its enhanced slow-breathing effect which then decreases the heart rate [48, 49]. This may then lead to the down-regulation of the sympathetic and up-regulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. The adverse effect of Qigong is almost none as evidenced by this updated review and previous reviews. The results of this study showed that qigong offers an alternative in the management of hypertension and can help in improving patient’s quality of life especially in the elderly population group who occasionally have a tendency to prefer non-pharmacological management due to polypharmacy in this age group.
• Effect of Tai Chi on depression symptoms and sleep quality among older adult women after exercise cessation. Practicing Tai Chi for 24 weeks positively affected fatigue, depression, vigour and sleep quality among older adult women. The effect on reducing depression and improving sleep quality was sustained 4 weeks after Tai Chi was stopped.

2021

• Effects of Body Weight Support-Tai Chi Footwork Training on Balance Control and Walking Function in Stroke Survivors with Hemiplegia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. 12 week Tai Chi training enhances dynamic balance and walking function in stroke survivors.
• Exercise, Yoga, and Tai Chi for Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in Outpatient Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
• Is the Qi experience related to the flow experience? Practicing qigong in urban green spaces. The results revealed a high level of consistency between the flow experience and the Qi experience which supports the conclusion that the concept of the flow experience in Qigong activity seems to be the same as that in East Asian disciplines, called the Qi experience.
• Adherence to the Class-Based Component of a Tai Chi Exercise Intervention for People Living With Dementia and Their Informal Carers. Tai Chi classes designed for people with dementia and their informal carers were enjoyable and its movements, easy to learn. Facilitators of participants' adherence were the socializing component and their enjoyment of the classes, whereas unexpected health problems were the main barrier. Finding the optimal level of challenge in the class setting might be crucial for people with dementia to feel satisfied with their progression over sessions and enable their continued participation.
• The effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing relaxation training for improving sleep quality among nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak: a before and after study. Diaphragmatic breathing, fundamental to Qigong practice, is a useful non-pharmacological treatment for improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety among first-line nurses involved in the COVID-19 outbreak.
• Tai Chi and Qigong Practices for Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Conclusions: Considering that there are low costs, multiple physical benefits, and no equipment required, Qigong and Tai Chi are a promising rehabilitation therapy, as an adjunct to routine pharmacotherapies or as an alternative to conventional exercises, especially in home-based settings.
• Integrative medicine considerations for convalescence from mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease. Research from Andrew Weil's group at University of Arizona: Qigong and breathing exercises support pulmonary recovery.
• The Relevance of Complementary and Integrative Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Review of the Literature.  Qigong is supported by a growing body of scientific evidence. A meta-analysis on Qigong demonstrates the effectiveness of qigong in improving cardiovascular risk factors in participants with metabolic syndrome.
• How Can Alternative Exercise Traditions Help Against the Background of the COVID-19 in Cancer Care? An Overview of Systematic Reviews. At the Wuhan Fangcang Hospital, patients with COVID-19 practiced Qigong and Tai Chi, under the guidance of Chinese medicine physicians and nurses. This approach not only enhances the body’s ability to resist pathogens but also helps improve the mood of medical staff and patients and establish confidence in jointly defeating the epidemic. Qigong and Tai Chi can change the structure of the brain, regulate physiological activities, help alleviate psychological pressure, and improve autonomic nervous system balance. In addition, the training content of alternative exercise traditions is simple and requires minimal equipment and venues. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these forms of exercise are safer and more natural than other sports activities. Moreover, they may be easy to promote and can alleviate the subhealth of the public.
• Benefits of tai ji quan practice on neuromuscular functions in older adults: A Systematic Review and meta-analysis. Conclusion: Neuromuscular function improvements associated with TJQ practice provide a mechanism for reducing falls in older adults with and without pre-existing health conditions.
• Effects of fitness qigong and tai chi on middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Qigong helps people with longer term type 2 diabetes.
• A randomized controlled trial on the comparative effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and health qigong-based cognitive therapy among Chinese people with depression and anxiety disorders. More reductions of mood symptoms were observed in the health qigong-based cognitive therapy group as compared with the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group. The predominant emphasis on physical health in health qigong-based cognitive therapy makes it more acceptable and effective than mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
• Effect of Taijiquan Exercise on Rehabilitation of Male Amphetamine-Type Addicts. Taijiquan promoted balance control, increase in overall sense of health and mental health, improved anxiety, and reduced drug craving.
• Using bodily postures to reduce anxiety and improve interoception: A comparison between powerful and neutral poses. Adjusting posture is fundamental to the practice of Qigong. The researchers found that "embodiment interventions that include elements of adopting an open or expansive bodily posture whilst maintaining a self-focus, can help to reduce state anxiety and improve interoceptive accuracy. "
• The effect of Tai Chi on the quality of life in the elderly patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
• The efficacy and safety of health qigong for anti-aging: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Qigong, containing Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, Yijinjing, Liuzijue and TaiChi, are traditional Chinese exercise, that are deemed to not only enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body but also regulate immune function. Previous researches have showed that Health Qigong has fine effects for anti-aging, including regulate mental and physical health,[10–14] and age-associated diseases.[15–17] Due to these strength of Health Qigong doctors recommend using Health Qigong to increase vigor and vitality as well as prolong lifespan.
• The Leveraging Exercise to Age in Place (LEAP) Study: Engaging Older Adults in Community-Based Exercise Classes to Impact Loneliness and Social Isolation. Community-based group health classes incorporating Tai Chi decreased loneliness and social isolation.
• Tai Chi for Chronic Illness Management: Synthesizing Current Evidence from Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials. Tai Chi improves physical function, disease-specific outcomes and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with active controls among adults with diverse chronic illnesses.
• Physical therapy interventions for older people with vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders addressing mobility and participation: a systematic review. Vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders (VDB) are among the most relevant contributors to the burden of disability among older adults living in the community and associated with immobility, limitations of activities of daily living and decreased participation. Tai Chi was found effective for VDB.
• A systematic review of center of pressure measures to quantify gait changes in older adults. Tai chi training enhances older adults' balance control.
• Evidence on physical activity and falls prevention for people aged 65+ years: systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. This study found that effective exercise programs should be implemented at scale. Tai Chi was one of the most effective exercise programs for reducing rate of falls. The highest rate of benefit was "from programs involving multiple types of exercise (commonly balance and functional exercises plus resistance exercises). Note that the American College of Sports Medicine recommends Qigong and Tai Chi because they are multifaceted physical activities which involve varying combinations of neuromotor exercise (sometimes called functional fitness training, which incorporates motor skills such as balance, coordination, gait, and agility, and proprioceptive training), resistance exercise, and flexibility exercise. This research presents a very strong argument for practicing Qigong and Tai Chi to reduce rate of falls in older adults.
• An outpatient Tai Chi program: Effects on veterans' functional outcomes. 12-week Tai Chi program improves functional outcomes for older veterans with mild to moderate gait and balance problems.
• Problems of scientific methodology related to placebo control in Qigong studies: A systematic review
• Chair-Based Exercise Interventions for Nursing Home Residents: A Systematic Review. Chair-based exercises, including Qigong, improved physical and cognitive function of nursing home residents.
• Comparative efficacy of seven exercise interventions for symptoms of depression in college students: A network of meta-analysis. Tai Chi more effective than six other exercise interventions (including yoga, dance, and running) for decreasing symptoms of depression.
• BEAM study (Breathing, Education, Awareness, Movement): a randomised controlled feasibility trial of tai chi exercise in patients with COPD. Tai Chi in patients with COPD is feasible, safe and helps improve quality-of-life, cognitive-emotional health and function.
• Feasibility of a Tai Chi with Thera-Band Training Program: A Pilot Study.
• Effect of 1 Year of Qigong Exercise on Cognitive Function Among Older Chinese Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. One year of qigong practice was significantly superior to stretching exercise not only for the prevention of cognitive decline progression, but also for the improvement of several cognitive functions, among older Chinese adults at risk of cognitive decline.
• Regular Tai Chi Practice Is Associated With Improved Memory as Well as Structural and Functional Alterations of the Hippocampus in the Elderly. This cross-sectional study demonstrated that, relative to walking, Tai Chi was more effective in enhancing episodic memory in a sample of healthy older Chinese women. The observed changes in hippocampal structure and function and significant behavioral relationships between hippocampal alteration and memory functions suggest that physical activity like Tai Chi is likely to benefit memory function (extremely episodic memory) via remodeling of the hippocampal structure and function. Furthermore, our findings support the conclusion that engaging in Tai-Chi might be superior in delaying cognitive decline in comparison to walking training
• Tai Chi and Qi Gong therapies as a complementary treatment in Parkinson's disease - a systematic review
• A Comprehensive Review of Alternative Therapies for the Management of Chronic Pain Patients: Acupuncture, Tai Chi, Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, and Chiropractic Care. Author affiliations include Harvard Medical School and Mayo Clinic. 
• The effectiveness of Tai Chi Chuan on fear of movement, prevention of falls, physical activity, and cognitive status in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial
• Effects of Qigong exercise on muscle strengths and oxidative stress/antioxidant responses in young sedentary females: a quasi-experimental study. 8-week Qigong exercise training improved back and leg strength; plasma oxidative stress levels were reduced; and total antioxidant capacity was enhanced. 
• The Taiji Model of Self II: Developing Self Models and Self-Cultivation Theories Based on the Chinese Cultural Traditions of Taoism and Buddhism
• Characteristic of Clinical Studies on Baduanjin during 2000-2019: A Comprehensive Review.
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of Baduanjin exercise on cognition and memory in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Compared with conventional therapy, Baduanjin Qigong plus conventional therapy significantly improved cognitive and memory function in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
• Balance and functional training and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews. In adults 65 years and older, balance and functional training and Tai Chi reduced the rate of falls and the number of people who fell, and improved aspects of physical functioning and physical activity. 
• Tai Chi training for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A feasibility trial in college students.
• The Effectiveness of Tai Chi in Breast Cancer Patients: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
• Study on the Intervention Effect of Qi Gong Wan Prescription on Patients with Phlegm-Dampness Syndrome of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Intestinal Flora.
• Individual Stress Prevention through Qigong.  The main objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive, narrative review of the effects of Qigong and its core components.
• A systematic review and meta-analysis of Liuzijue [Qigong healing sounds] in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Qigong healing sounds help COPD patients.
• Effects of Yangsaeng (Health Management) Therapy for Korean Older Adults in Nursing Home. Yangsaeng is the Korean counterpart to the Chinese yang-sheng. A main component of Korean Yangsaeng is Qigong.
• Effects of Taichi exercise on knee and ankle proprioception among individuals with knee osteoarthritis. 24-week Tai Chi program helps improve ankle and knee proprioception.
• Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of the Effects of Tai Chi on Blood Pressure. Tai Chi reduces blood pressure as much as aerobic exercise.
• Comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions for chronic non-specific neck pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of 40 randomised controlled trials. Qigong, Tai Chi, and Yoga are effective exercises for people with chronic non-specific neck pain.
• A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of Tai Chi on the instrumented timed up and go test in people with mild to moderate dementia. 
• Non-pharmacological Interventions for Respiratory Health in Parkinson's Disease (PD): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Qigong is one of the non-pharmacological interventions that improved respiratory muscle strength and peak expiratory flow in PD.
• Learning to breathe with Tai Chi online - qualitative data from a randomized controlled feasibility study of patients with cystic fibrosis. "Both face-to-face and internet delivery of Tai Chi lessons were equally well received and perceived as beneficial. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, CF patients self-isolating may find this intervention provides important support, therefore the programme was made available on YouTube in April 2020 and linked to the websites of the CF charities funding the research."
• Health Benefits of Tai Chi Exercise: A Guide for Nurses. There is increasing scientific evidence showing the impact of tai chi exercise on multifaceted areas of health and well-being, including positive effects on cognition, depression, anxiety, sleep, cardiovascular health, and fall prevention. A review of the health benefits of tai chi exercise is presented, as well as recommendations for nurses seeking to answer patient questions about tai chi.
• Effect of exercise on bone mineral density and quality of life among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis without fracture: A systematic review. This review found that exercise, including Tai Chi and Qigong, is effective in improving the bone mineral density and quality of life of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
• The impact of Tai Chi on cognitive rehabilitation of elder adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a systematic review and meta-analysis. A 12-week Tai Chi intevention is an effective mind-body exercise for cognitive rehabilitation among elder patients with MCI, which is not restricted by the condition of equipment, manpower, and venue.
• Complementary and integrative health interventions in post-stroke rehabilitation: a systematic PRISMA review. Tai Chi and Qigong recommended for post-stroke rehabilitation.
• The effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise for hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
• Exploring correlates of improved depression symptoms and quality of life following tai chi exercise for patients with heart failure. Harvard Medical School: Tai chi exercise promotes inter-related psychosocial improvements for patients with heart failure.
• Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing on the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Upright Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diaphragmatic breathing (DB) is effective in reducing gastroesophageal reflux events.
• Reduced feelings of regret and enhanced fronto-striatal connectivity in elders with long-term Tai Chi experience. Long-term Tai Chi exercise may be effective in alleviating feelings of regret in elders by promoting reduced judgment of inner experience and enhanced emotion regulation.
• Tai Chi practice and change in exercise habits in survivors of acute coronary syndromes: Is mindfulness a possible mechanism?
• Tai Chi exercise can ameliorate physical and mental health of patients with knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi exercise was beneficial for ameliorating physical and mental health of patients with knee osteoarthritis and should be available as an alternative non-pharmacological therapy in rehabilitation programmes.
• Effect of Tai Chi Combined with Mental Imagery on Cutaneous Microcirculatory Function and Blood Pressure in a Diabetic and Elderly Population. Combining Tai Chi intervention with mental imagery theory showed an improvement in functional outcomes and blood pressure, which showed cardiovascular benefits not only in diabetes but in age-matched healthy subjects.
• Effects of Qigong Exercise on Physical and Psychological Health among African Americans. Qigong exercise improves the physical ability and function, and spiritual well-being of African Americans.
• Medical Qigong for Mobility and Balance Self-Confidence in Older Adults. A 12-week manualized Medical Qigong protocol significantly improved balance and gait and modestly improved balance self-confidence among older adults. Medical Qigong may be a useful clinical intervention for older adults at heightened risk for falls and related injuries. Practices such as Tai Chi and Qigong, that combine gait, balance, muscle strengthening, coordination and functional exercises, seem to have the greatest impact on balance among older adults. Additionally, these physical exercises reduce risk of osteoporosis and increase fitness and bone density, thereby potentially reducing the severity of falls if and when they do occur.
• "Making Peace with Our Bodies": A Qualitative Analysis of Breast Cancer Survivors' Experiences with Qigong Mind-Body Exercise (QMBE). QMBE perceived as moving meditation enabled survivors to reconnect mind and body, lessen their pain, and make peace with their bodies. These women's experiences inform the promise of integrating QMBE and related mind-body exercise into clinical practice guidelines.
• Effects of Mind-Body Interventions Involving Meditative Movements on Quality of Life, Depressive Symptoms, Fear of Falling and Sleep Quality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Mind-body interventions involving meditative movements including Qigong and Tai Chi may serve as a promising opportunity to improve psychological health domains such as quality of life, depressive symptoms, fear of falling and sleep quality in older adults. These forms of exercise may represent potential preventive measures regarding the increase of late-life mental disorders.
• Effects of tai chi on catheter management and quality of life in tumor patients with PICC at the intermission of chemotherapy: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
• People living with dementia and their family carers' adherence to home-based Tai Chi practice
• Exercise & Sports Science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tai Chi is among the aerobic and strength exercises that are recommended to be delivered over at least an 8-week period, that engage lower and upper body skeletal muscles, and that deliver significant health improvements for COPD patients.
• Deep Breathing Could Help You Recover From Covid-19. "One incredibly useful practice that may prove therapeutic for recovering Covid-19 patients is Qigong... Like yoga or tai chi, it is a practice of synchronizing breath with movement. Qigong translates to “life energy mastery” and includes exercise, movement of qi ( energy), and improved blood and lymphatic flow. Research suggests that Qigong improves health by decreasing stress, reducing inflammation, strengthening respiratory muscles, increasing lung capacity, and improving immune function. Each of these mechanisms can help restore lung function after Covid-19 infection."
• The effect of Tai Chi exercise on postural time-to-contact in manual fitting task among older adults. The authors identify postural stability as the main reason for long-term Tai Chi exercise’s ability to lower the risk of falling among healthy older adults.
• Rapid deployment of virtual mind-body interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak: feasibility, acceptability, and implications for future care. Tai chi is one of the virtual mind-body interventions recommended by Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in this study using Zoom that demonstrates the effectiveness of remote delivery to facilitate patient access to services. 
• Investigation of the effectiveness of Tai Chi exercise program in patients with scleroderma (SSc): A randomized controlled study. Tai Chi has a possitive effect on endurance, balance, sleep quality, fatique, anxiety and depression in patients with SSc. Tai Chi should be included in rehabilitation programs as a safe alternative type of exercise to improve trunk endurance, balance, sleep quality and reduce fatigue, anxiety and depression in patients with SSc.
• Effectiveness of Tai Chi on quality of life (QoL), depressive symptoms and physical function among community-dwelling older adults with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi was found to have favourable effects on QoL and depressive symptoms of older adults with chronic disease which can act as a complement to disease management.
• Effects of Wu Qin xi Qigong (WQXQ) exercise on physical functioning in elderly people with knee osteoarthritis (OA): A randomized controlled trial. Both WQXQ and conventional physical therapy exercise programs were highly effective in reducing activity limitations and pain, and promoting balance and muscle power. WQXQ was found to be more effective in promoting balance and reducing pain than conventional physical therapy exercise in patients with knee OA.
• Tai Chi for the Prevention of Falls Among Older Adults: A Critical Analysis of the Evidence.  High-quality evidence suggests that Tai Chi is an effective intervention for preventing falls in community settings.  When compared directly with other exercise interventions, Tai Chi may offer a superior strategy for reducing falls through its benefits on cognitive functioning.
• Acute effects of inspiratory muscle training at different intensities in healthy young people. A single session of diaphragmatic breathing (as in Qigong practice) positively affects autonomic function and blood pressure, while inspiratory muscle training (IMT) at 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure increases arterial stiffness. The different intensities of IMT have various impacts on autonomic function, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure.
• Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane systematic review. Tai Chi may reduce the rate of falls by 19%.
• Molecules of Silence: Effects of Meditation on Gene Expression and Epigenetics. Epigenetic mechanisms represent a way to regulate gene activity in real time without modifying the DNA sequence, thus allowing the genome to adapt its functions to changing environmental contexts. Factors such as lifestyle, behavior, and the practice of sitting and moving mindful activities such as mindfulness meditation and tai chi have been shown to be important means of environmental enrichment and have been reported to positively impact well-being. In fact, they can be considered emotional and attentional regulatory activities, which, by inducing a state of greater inner silence, allow the development of increased self-awareness.
• Tai Chi Chuan for Subjective Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
• A 12-Week Multi-Modal Exercise Program: Feasibility of Combined Exercise and Simplified 8-Style Tai Chi Following Lung Cancer Surgery
• Baduanjin exercise [Qigong] intervention for community adults at risk of ischamic stroke: A randomized controlled trial. A supervised 12-week Baduanjin exercise intervention was effective and safe in modulating cerebral haemodynamics, reducing blood pressure and improving anthropometric parameters and related psychological outcomes in older community adults at risk for ischaemic stroke.
• Effect of complementary therapies on functional capacity and quality of life among prefrail and frail older adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. A very low to moderate level of evidence was found regarding the effectiveness of Tai Chi in terms a functional capacity (balance, mobility, gait speed, functional reach and lower limb muscle strength) and a low level of evidence was found regarding its effect on quality of life. To the other complementary therapies it was not possible to synthetize evidence level.
• Participating in Complementary and Integrative Health Approaches Is Associated With Veterans' Patient-reported Outcomes Over Time. Tai chi was linked to improvements in overall physical and mental health functioning, anxiety levels, and ability to participate in social role activities. Also see: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-08-yoga-tai-chi-meditation-specific.html.
• Adherence of home‐based Wu Qin Xi programs during the COVID‐19 epidemic in Shanghai. Recognizing the role of home‐based exercise programs in supporting the senior citizens, accrediting agencies have increased their responsibility for the senior citizens. They selected the Wu Qin Xi (WQX) exercises program because of its effectiveness of keeping fit for the aging groups. The WQX exercise, with moderate intensity, is a safe and ideal life‐time exercise for the elderly people without too much exertion on the body.
• No panacea? Tai Chi enhances motoric but not executive functioning in a normal aging population.
• Effectiveness of martial arts exercise on anthropometric and body composition parameters of overweight and obese subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis
• Effect of Tai Chi on post-stroke non-motor disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 
• The Efficacy of Tai Chi and Qigong Exercises on Blood Pressure and Blood Levels of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
• Comparative effect of Liuzijue Qigong and conventional respiratory training on trunk control ability and respiratory muscle function in patients at an early recovery stage from stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Qigong is more effective than conventional respiratory training for recovering stroke patients.
• How Does Yoga Reduce Stress?, A Clinical Trial Testing Psychological Mechanisms. Increased psychosocial resources are associated with stress reduction.
• Prospective Empirical Test Suite for Energy Practitioners. Note that actual physical changes were empirically measured in practitioners.
• Effects of the prolong life with nine turn method (Yan Nian Jiu Zhuan) Qigong on patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
• Effect of a Single Session of Tai Chi Chuan Practice on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Related Hormones.
• Complementary Therapies in Parkinson Disease: a Review of Acupuncture, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, Yoga, and Cannabis. In this review, we provide an update on clinical trials that have evaluated the effectiveness of complementary treatments for patients with PD, specifically focusing on acupuncture, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, yoga, and cannabis.
• Electrophysiological investigation of the effects of Tai Chi on inhibitory control in older individuals
• Effects of Tai Chi versus Taekkyon on balance, lower-extremity strength, and gait ability in community-dwelling older women: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Tai Chi improved lower-extremity strength, balance, and gait ability.
• Comparative study of physiologic characteristics between the newly compiled Bafa Wubu of tai chi and 24 form simplified tai chi. A new, easy-to-learn, simplified form of Tai Chi has been created by the General Administration of Sport in China to popularize and generalize Tai Chi practice. 
• Heart Rate Variability Mainly Relates to Cognitive Executive Functions and Improves Through Exergame Training in Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Heart rate variability (HRV) mirrors autonomic nervous system activities and might serve as a parameter to monitor health status in older adults. We conclude that mainly cognitive executive functions are associated with HRV indices and that exergame training improves global and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activities in older adults. Periodic assessments of HRV in older citizens could be particularly beneficial to monitor cognitive health and provide indications for preventative exercise measures.
• Beneficial Effects of Baduanjin Exercise on Left Ventricular Remodelling in Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction: an Exploratory Clinical Trial and Proteomic Analysis. Qigong aids heart patient recovery. 
• Exercise training, circulating cytokine levels and immune function in cancer survivors: A meta-analysis. Exercise modalities included Tai Chi.
• The Opposite of Stress. Cognition is affected by psychophysiological states.  This research found a positive association between creative potential and vagal tone, which implies that creative potential is related to the capacity to relax.
• The effect of Qigong-based therapy on patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Another review showing Qigong is a beneficial therapy for increasing motor function, walking ability, and balance in patients with Parkinson's disease.
• Recreational Therapy to Promote Mobility in Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review. Tai Chi is among the most recommended therapies to be included in recreational therapy programs, especially for balance, functional performance, and fall incidence for older adults in long-term care. 
• Effect of long-term exercise training on static postural control in older adults: a cross-sectional study. "Long-term Tai Chi and jogging, particularly the former, contributed to static balance control in older people. Older adults relied more on visual information in static postural control than young people. Tai Chi would be an ideal exercise for improving static balance in older people.".
• Effects of Center-Based Delivery of Tai Chi and Qi Gong Group Classes on Self-Reported Symptoms in Cancer Patients and Caregivers. Patients and caregivers participating in TC or QG group classes were satisfied overall and experienced significant improvement in global distress.
• Effect of Exercise on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi is among exercise interventions that significantly improve quality of life in Parkinson's Disease patients.
• Biological mechanism study of meditation and its application in mental disorders.
• Benefits of Qigong as an integrative and complementary practice for health: a systematic review. The authors conclude that Qigong produces positive results on health, mainly in the medium and long term.
• Factors related to dropout in integrative oncology clinical trials: interim analysis of an ongoing comparative effectiveness trial of mindfulness-based cancer recovery and Tai chi/Qigong for cancer health (The MATCH study)
• Qigong for the treatment of depressive symptoms: Preliminary evidence of neurobiological mechanisms.
• The Effect of Tai Chi for Improving Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Tai Chi has a positive effect on improving sleep quality
• The Effects of Tai Chi and Qigong on Immune Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.  Current evidence indicates that practicing Tai Chi and Qigong has a physiologic impact on immune system functioning and inflammatory responses. Note that they (including Harvard Medical School and Stanford Medical School, among others) are equating Tai Chi and Qigong. This is due to the fact that when Tai Chi is practiced as Meditative Movement it is equivalent to Qigong. This is good recognition from the medical community of Qigong and Tai Chi meditative movement.
• The Idealist and Pragmatist View of Qi in Tai Chi and Qigong: A Narrative Commentary and Review
• Effects of Deep and Slow Breathing on Stress Stimulation Caused by High-Intensity Exercise in Healthy Adults. Deep slow breathing is a meaningful intervention for patients of stress-related diseases or potential patients.
• THE LINK BETWEEN QIGONG BREATH HOLDING AND NITRIC OXIDE
• Mindful Exercise (Baduanjin) as an Adjuvant Treatment for Older Adults (60 Years Old and Over) of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Baduanjin Qigong is an effective and adjuvant therapy for older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Regular Baduanjin training can improve postural control and WOMAC function of old individuals with knee osteoarthritis. 
• Distinct Insular Functional Connectivity Changes Related to Mood and Fatigue Improvements in Major Depressive Disorder Following Tai Chi Training: A Pilot Study. Tai Chi effects neural plasticity for symptom improvement in major depressive disorder.
• Effects of Wheelchair Tai Chi Ball Exercise on Physical and Mental Health and Functional Abilities Among Elderly With Physical Disability. 12-week Wheelchair Tai Chi Ball exercise had positive effects on self-efficacy for pain management, general physical health, and maintain upper extremity muscle strength and is a feasible exercise for elderly with disability.
• Benefits of Tai Chi Exercise Among Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai chi can be easily integrated into existing cardiac rehabilitation programs.
• Augmented Reality-Assisted Training With Selected Tai-Chi Movements Improves Balance Control and Increases Lower Limb Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Prospective Randomized Trial
• Toward a Refined Mindfulness Model Related to Consciousness and Based on ERP. Neuroimaging, behavioral, and self-report evidence suggests that there are four main cognitive mechanisms that support mindfulness: (a) self-regulation of attention, (b) improved body awareness, (c) improved emotion regulation, and (d) change in perspective on the self. the neural features of mindfulness are consistently associated with the self-regulation of attention and, in most cases, reduced reactivity to emotional stimuli and improved cognitive control. mindfulness decreases the threshold of conscious access.
• Tai Chi Exercise for Psychological Well-Being Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
• Tai chi linked to improved mood and quality of life in older adults with cardiovascular disease
• Effect of Home-Based Tai Chi, Yoga or Conventional Balance Exercise on Functional Balance and Mobility Among Persons With Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: An Experimental Study. The findings of this study suggest that Tai Chi as well as Yoga are well adhered and are attractive options for a home-based setting. As any form of physical activity is considered beneficial for individuals with PD either Tai Chi, Yoga or conventional balance exercises could be used as therapeutic intervention to optimize balance and mobility. Note that the Tai Chi used was simply doing some tai chi poses with each pose being repeated a number of times. This is calling it Tai Chi, but it's Qigong. Good marketing strategy. There are some different types of Qigong that are literally called "Tai Chi Qigong", and they consist of a number of poses, each done some number of times. These are extremely simple yet powerful forms of Qigong. Tai Chi done for health is equivalent to Qigong and called Meditative Movement.  More information on Meditative Movement is in Larkey, et al. Meditative movement as a category of exercise.
• Falls and Older People: Preventative Interventions. Includes a discussion of tai chi.
• The Therapeutic Efficacy of Qigong Exercise on the Main Symptoms of Fibromyalgia: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Daily practice of Qigong appears to have a positive impact on the main fibromyalgia symptoms that is beyond group interaction.
• The Effect of Tai Chi and Qigong Exercise on Depression and Anxiety of Individuals With Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Qigong is a beneficial exercise for symptoms of anxiety among individuals with drug abuse.
• Traditional Chinese Eight Brocade Exercise Prescription for Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Quantitative Synthesis
• Evidence Base of Clinical Studies on Qi Gong: A Bibliometric Analysis
• Effects of Exercise Training Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Exercise training, including Tai Chi, showed a small beneficial effect on executive function in older adults.
• Qigong for the Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults. Qigong features regulation of breath rhythm and pattern, body movement and posture, and meditation. Given these traits, Qigong has the potential to play a role in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of respiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Potential mechanisms of action include stress reduction, emotion regulation, strengthening of respiratory muscles, reduction of inflammation, and enhanced immune function. Three forms of Qigong; abdominal breathing, Ba Duan Jin and Liu Zi Jue, all of which are gentle, smooth, and simple for the elderly to practice, are recommended in this context.
• A Pilot Study on the Effects of Yi Jin Jing Exercise for Older Men With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Yi Jin Jing (Qigong "Muscle Tendon Changing Classic") helps older men with urinary tract symptoms. 
• Tai Chi Movements for Wellbeing - evaluation of a British Lung Foundation pilot.
• When Mindfulness Can Be Bad For You
• Effect of Tai Chi Chuan in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TCC appears to be effective on some physical and psychological symptoms and improves the quality of life in patients with breast cancer. Additional randomized controlled trials with a rigorous methodology and low risk of bias are needed to provide more reliable evidence.
• Somatics of Early Buddhist Mindfulness and How to Face Anxiety
• Therapies for Cognitive Impairment in Breast Cancer Survivors Treated With Chemotherapy: A Protocol for Systematic Review. Qigong improves cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors.
• Tai Chi Improves Coronary Heart Disease Risk by Inactivating MAPK/ERK Pathway Through Serum miR-126.
• Mindfulness Interventions Reduce Blood Pressure in Patients With Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mindfulness based interventions (e.g. Qigong) can provide effective alternative therapies to assist in blood pressure reduction for patients with non-communicable diseases. Note that Breathing Awareness Meditation (BAM) focuses on diaphragm movements while the patient breathes deeply and slowly with their eyes closed for 10 min. This helps calm the sympathetic nervous system and activates the parasympathetic nervous system simultaneously, leading to a relaxation response (in other words, Qigong).
• The Benefits of T'ai Chi for Older Adults With Chronic Back Pain: A Qualitative Study. A 36-week Tai Chi intervention resulted in improvements in balance, flexibility, leg strength, and posture. Other benefits included pain reduction or pain relief, increased relaxation, mindfulness, and improved body awareness which is so important for emotional regulation.
• High School Baseball Players' Experiences With Static Qigong Training: A Qualitative Approach
• Can Qigong Improve Non-Motor Symptoms in People With Parkinson's Disease - A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial?
• How to mitigate coronavirus stress with mind-body training like Tai Chi. [good article. not PubMed]. 
• Tai Ji Quan as antihypertensive lifestyle therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Ji Quan is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces clinically meaningful blood pressure (BP) reductions among individuals with hypertension. Such magnitude of BP reductions can lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease by up to 40%.
• Research on Function and Mechanism of Tai Chi on Cardiac Rehabilitation.
• Mindfulness with paced breathing reduces blood pressure. Mindfulness with paced breathing (actually diaphragmatic breathing) is called Qigong.
• Reasons You Should Be Doing Tai Chi while Social Distancing.
• Effects of Tai Chi on essential hypertension and related risk Factors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Tai chi is an effective physical exercise in treating essential hypertension compared with control interventions. Different training durations and styles have different effects. Qigong Institute founder Ken Sancier described the beneficial effects of Qigong for hypertension in his seminal 1996 paper 'Anti-Aging Benefits of Qigong'. 
• Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet]. This is an extensive update of the evidence assessing persistent improvement in outcomes following completion of therapy for noninvasive nonpharmacological treatment for selected chronic pain conditions. Exercise, mindfulness, tai chi, and qigong improve function and/or pain beyond the course of therapy for specific chronic pain conditions.
• The Role of Physical Activity as Conservative Treatment for Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Compared to controls, Aquatic Exercise, Land-based Exercise, Tai Chi, and Yoga showed a small to high effect for improving pain, physical function, quality of life, and stiffness. Active exercise and sport are effective to improve pain and physical function in elderly people with osteoarthritis.
• The Shape of Water: How Tai Chi and Mental Imagery Effect the Kinematics of a Reach-to-Grasp Movement. The results indicate that kinematics is highly sensitive to MI and TC practice. In particular, our main finding suggests a statistically significant general improvement in motor efficiency for the Tai Chi group.
• Correlation Between Cognition and Balance Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Observed Through a Tai Chi Intervention Program. Conclusion: Cognitive function and balance are interrelated in middle-aged and older adults. The association between global cognitive function and balance Is moderated by strength of lower limbs. The change scores of cognitive function and balance introduced by Tai Chi training were found to be positively correlated.
• Baduanjin Mind-Body Exercise Improves Logical Memory in Long-Term Hospitalized Patients With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• Tai Chi Is Effective in Delaying Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
• Long-Term Physical Exercise and Mindfulness Practice in an Aging Population. This study found that mindfulness meditation and physical exercise function by different mechanisms, meaning that practicing both are required for optimal physical and mental health. Physical exercise increases physical fitness and mind-body practices induce plasticity in the nervous system. Qigong and Tai Chi include mindfulness and physical exercise, but pure western-style exercise (e.g. aerobics, running, weight-lifting, etc.) is still necessary for optimal physical and mental health.
• Subtle Motor Signs as a Biomarker for Mindful Movement Intervention in Children With ADHD. Tai Chi and mindful movement help treat ADHD symptoms.
• Biomechanical mechanism of Tai-Chi gait for preventing falls: A pilot study. The results indicate that Tai Chi gait challenges body balance and requires more muscle strength of the lower limb joints compared to regular walking gait. To cope with these challenges, the body develops neuromuscular control strategies to maintain body balance and thus reduce the risk of falls. Neuromotor exercise training is beneficial as part of a comprehensive exercise program for older persons, especially to improve balance, agility, muscle strength, and reduce the risk of falls. Note that every ten years the American College of Sports Medicine updates their Position Stand: 'Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise.' In 2008, the ACSM started recommending Tai Chi and Qigong in their Position Stand for neuromotor fitness. ACSM: "Neuromotor exercise training, sometimes called functional fitness training, incorporates motor skills such as balance, coordination, gait, and agility, and proprioceptive training. Multifaceted physical activities such as tai ji (tai chi), qigong, and yoga involve varying combinations of neuromotor exercise, resistance exercise, and flexibility exercise. Neuromotor exercise training is beneficial as part of a comprehensive exercise program for older persons, especially to improve balance, agility, muscle strength, and reduce the risk of falls." 
• Mind-Body Therapies as a Therapeutic Intervention for Pain Management. Mind-body therapies such as Qigong and Tai Chi are complimentary pain management techniques that can be easily integrated into therapy care plans. Each technique allows an individual to manage pain using a parasympathetic dominant response that corresponds with a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and improved mood. Slowing the respiratory rate to approximately five to seven breaths per minute with exhalations taking twice as long as inhalation is recommended for optimal benefit. Mind-body interventions reduce pain-related stress and are effective in the management of anxiety and depression. Specifically, Tai Chi has been shown to reduce stress, depression, and social withdraw with patients suffering from chronic pain.
• Effects of Tai Chi training on the physical and mental health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi may represent an appropriate alternative or complement to standard rehabilitation programs.
• Dual-task training on cognition and resistance training improved both balance and working memory in older people. “Dual-task interventions improved both balance performance and working memory, but more so if cognitive performance was specifically trained along with resistance training.” Qigong is a practice focused on enhancing both executive functions and balance performance simultaneously. Executive functions are coming online whenever we make choices, as in the choice about where and when and how to focus attention and in execution of movement. Focusing attention on internal bodily events (via interoception as it relates to physical systems) such as the vestibular system for balance, or systems involved in breath and movement, can potentially improve function as one consciously engages muscles in the learning of choreography and in increasing duration of practice through repetition. 
• Tai chi to prevent falls in older adults.
• Neuro-Immune Circuits Regulate Immune Responses in Tissues and Organ Homeostasis. The nervous system is the underestimated coordinator of immune reactions and underline the importance of neuro-immune crosstalk for body homeostasis.
• Auricular neural stimulation as a new non-invasive treatment for opioid detoxification. Some good vagus nerve research references.
• A Review of Exercise as Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathology and Mechanism. Physical exercise  is effective for the improvement of exercise tolerance, lipid concentrations, blood pressure. It may also reduce the serum glucose level and risk of thrombosis, thus should be advocated concomitant to, or in some cases instead of, traditional drug-therapy.
• Stroke Survivors' Feelings and Perceptions of Their Recovery After a Tai Chi Exercise Intervention: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Using storytelling, healthcare providers can discuss the benefits of tai chi and then relate the feelings and perceptions of other stroke survivors' experiences to encourage engagement in regular physical activity to aid in the poststroke recovery process.
• Intervention Treatment for Myocardial Infarction with Tai Chi: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi is an effective exercise option for cardiac rehabilitation.
• Neuroimmunomodulation of tissue injury and disease: an expanding view of the inflammatory reflex pathway. Vagus nerve stimulation leads to anti-inflammatory and tissue protection. Qigong practice stimulates the vagus nerve.
• The Instant Spontaneous Neuronal Activity Modulation of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Patients With Primary Insomnia. "Primary insomnia (PI) is associated with increased spontaneous neuronal activity. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) modulates brain function, and it is an effective treatment for primary insomnia." This research demonstrated the instant brain effects of taVNS. Note that Qigong modulates the vagus nerve.
• A Spoonful of Mind–Body Medicine: If a Little Is Good, Is More Better? Greater mindfulness practice time was significantly associated with reduced inflammation. The results suggest that the level of engagement in mindfulness training may predict changes in inflammatory pathophysiology. Further research found Tai Chi to be as effective as regular physical therapy for patients with osteoarthritis, and it includes suggested "dosages" of Tai Chi.
• The 24-Form Tai Chi Improves Anxiety and Depression and Upregulates miR-17-92 in Coronary Heart Disease Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
• From Thoughtless Awareness to Effortful Cognition: Alpha - Theta Cross-Frequency Dynamics in Experienced Meditators During Meditation, Rest and Arithmetic
• What and How Can Physical Activity Prevention Function on Parkinson's Disease? Physical activity has a positive impact on the prevention and treatment of PD.
• Differential Effects of Tai Chi Chuan (Motor-Cognitive Training) and Walking on Brain Networks: A Resting-State fMRI Study in Chinese Women Aged 60.
• Effects of Interoceptive Training on Decision Making, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms. Interoception is the perception of afferent (signals from body to brain) information that arises from any point within the body. Individual differences in interoception have been associated with affective processing and decision-making processing. This Japanese study found that Interoceptive training resulted in significant enhancement of interoceptive accuracy scores and significant reductions in somatic symptom and state anxiety scores. It also improved decision making. Qigong is an interoceptive training practice.
• A Home-Based Exercise Program Focused on Proprioception to Reduce Falls in Frail and Pre-Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Spanish study finds that home proprioception programs are a viable alternative to complex multicomponent exercise programs in settings where these are not feasible, since home proprioception can reach a larger population at a lower cost, and it affords clear benefits. Tai Chi is an excellent proprioceptive exercise.
• Deep Breathing Increases Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systematic Lupus Erythematosus. Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been associated with an impaired function of the autonomic nervous system and reduced vagus nerve (VN) tone measured through lower heart rate variability (HRV). This study found that HRV can be modulated via deep breathing in patients with RA and SLE. This is more evidence for how Qigong helps with autoimmune disorders via toning of the vagus nerve (as measured by HRV) through deep breathing.
• Tai Chi Training Evokes Significant Changes in Brain White Matter Network in Older Women. Regular Tai Chi training contributes to optimizing brain functioning and networking of the elderly.
• A Multi-Centre, Parallel-Group, Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Eurythmy Therapy and Tai Chi in Comparison With Standard Care in Chronically Ill Elderly Patients With Increased Risk of Falling (ENTAiER): A Trial Protocol. Although this is just a trial protocol and not finished research, it's instructive to see which measurement protocols that they are going to use to evaluate the treatments. They have some very good data and references, such as "Regular Tai Chi, a mind–body intervention, can reduce falls by 19%". Eurythmy Therapy has a lot in common with Qigong.
• Tai Chi Is an Effective Form of Exercise to Reduce Markers of Frailty in Older Age
• The Impact of Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Life Quality in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). Recent preclinical research has shown that stimulating the auricular branch of the vagus nerve effectively modulates pain and helps in the treatment of major depression disorder. This study points out that there is no standard location or parameters for auricular vagus nerve stimulation to treat diseases that manifest through Autonomic Nervous System dysfunctions, such as FMS. Despite the lack of standards, vagus nerve stimulation improved the efficiency of the FMS treatment in this study. Note that Qigong auricular self-massage and healing sounds affect the auricular branch of the vagus nerve.
• Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Quality of Life in Adults With Essential Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. "Tai Chi lowers blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and blood glucose and significantly increases the quality of life in adults with EH. There is strong evidence for the short-term efficacy of Tai Chi exercises."
• Practitioner Review: Effective Management of Functional Difficulties Associated With Sensory Symptoms in Children and Adolescents. Intervention protocols for sensory symptoms should be informed by current best evidence which is strongest for several treatments including Qigong massage.
• Effect of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Interventions on Cancer Related Pain Among Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. Iranian review finds acupuncture/acupressure, tai chi/qi gong, meditation, yoga, and Reiki improve cancer-related pain in breast cancer patients
• Online Mindfulness Training Increases Well-Being, Trait Emotional Intelligence, and Workplace Competency Ratings: A Randomized Waitlist-Controlled Trial. Online teaching of mindfulness (a fundamental component of Qigong) proves effective. So online delivery of Qigong is an option for hard to reach or widely-dispersed audiences, or even local audiences in the age of a pandemic.
• Non-pharmacological Depression Therapies for Older Chinese Adults: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis. "Qigong was the only therapy having a significant effect on depression. This therapy may be useful to alleviate depression due to the group and social interaction."
• Effectiveness of Tai Chi on Balance Improvement in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. "The results support the benefits of Tai Chi intervention to improve balance in patients with type 2 diabetes."
• Tai Chi for Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. "Tai Chi could be recommended as an adjuvant treatment for hypertension, especially for patients less than 50 years old."
• Older and More Mindful? Age Differences in Mindfulness Components and Well-Being. "The findings suggest that the tendency to focus on the present-moment and adopt a nonjudgmental orientation may become especially important for well-being with advancing age, and the ability to appreciate the transitory nature of personal experiences may be particularly important for flexible employment of both goal disengagement and reengagement strategies across the second half of life."
• Balance Impairment and Effectiveness of Exercise Intervention in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-a Systematic Review. Tai Chi exercise showed significant improvement in balance in people with COPD.
• Study Finds Tai Chi Exercises May Prove Effective for Patients With Parkinson Disease
• Mindful Opportunity to Reflect on Experience: Interdisciplinary Mind-Body Medicine Skills Training for Health-care Professionals.
• Evidence for Vagal-Immune Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder.
• Tai Chi for Fibromyalgia
• Brain Functional Specialization Is Enhanced Among Tai Chi Chuan Practitioners.
• Exercise for Parkinson's Disease (PD).  Sustained Tai Chi for 6 months alleviates the PD motor symptoms, suggesting it can slow down PD progression. In addition, balance training improves both balance and function and reduces fall rate, and these effects carry over to at least 12 months after training ended.
• Effectiveness of Movement and Body Awareness Therapies in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Another study showing that movement and body awareness therapies such as tai chi can help patients who suffer from fibromyalgia. Note that "movement and body awareness" is also intrinsic to qigong.
• Non-pharmacological Interventions for Fatigue in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Non-pharmacological interventions, including mindfulness and Tai Chi, alleviate fatigue in community-dwelling older adults.
• Health Behavior Change and Complementary Medicine Use: National Health Interview Survey 2012. A sizeable proportion of respondents were motivated by their CAM use, which includes Qigong, Tai Chi, and meditation, to undertake health behavior changes.
• Lower Percentage of Fat Mass Among Tai Chi Chuan Practitioners. "Tai Chi middle-aged and elderly practitioners appear to be less affected by the process of physiological aging and the associated fat mass changes, compared to sedentary people."
• Effectiveness of Tai Chi for Health Promotion for Adults With Health Conditions: A Scoping Review of Meta-analyses. "Tai Chi is a form of safe, enjoyable, light-to-moderate aerobic physical activity for adults that is inexpensive to implement in diverse community settings. Adults with health conditions require physical activity for prevention of secondary impairments and over-all health promotion.This scoping review of meta-analyses elucidates "high" and "moderate" quality evidence of the effectiveness of Tai Chi in improving important outcomes for people with numerous health conditions.This information can be useful for healthcare providers who wish to recommend effective community-based physical activity to clients they are serving."
• Body Weight support-Tai Chi Footwork for Balance of Stroke Survivors With Fear of Falling: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Tai Chi helps stroke survivors with fear of falling.
• Ageing of the Diaphragm Muscle. The article reviews the adaptations of the diaphragm muscle with respect to ageing, and it brings to light the importance of respiratory function to healthy ageing. Altered contractile function of the diaphragm can lead to accidental trauma, such as falls, and contributes to many diseases and conditions such as depression, fear of falling, anxiety, emotional alterations, memory issues, motor incoordination, and cognitive disorders. Ageing also affects posture, which in turn affects the diaphragm. This research makes clear how the practice of Qigong with it's emphasis on proper posture and exercising the diaphragm through purposeful, controlled diaphragmatic breathing contributes to health and active aging.
• The Effect of Exercise on Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment and Applications for Physical Therapy: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Trials included Qigong.
• Meditation is proven to reduce stress. “This work shows that meditation influences the regulation of the HPA axis, which may reduce stress levels. “Although the scope of research is currently limited, it seems that meditation may also influence the RAA system, corresponding with improved well-being and changes in hormonal stress.” “The RAA (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAA) system.”) system regulates blood pressure, electrolytes and fluid balance. Meditation is becoming increasingly popular, with over a quarter of British adults practising meditation as a therapy. “Another key finding was linked with the HPT axis, which determines and regulates thyroid hormone production and is particularly associated with depression and anxiety.
• The Effectiveness of Tai Chi in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
• The Effects of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise Training on Countermovement Jump Performance in the Elderly. Frequent practice of Tai Chi Chuan may slow the rate of knee degeneration.
• Physical Activity Interventions for Adults Who Are Visually Impaired: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Physical activity interventions in individuals with visual impairment incorporating activities such as Tai Chi, Yoga and dance can have positive results, particularly in physical measures such as mobility and balance.
• Nonpharmaceutical Interventions Aid Low Back Pain. Tai Chi reduced acute lower back pain in men in their 20s. Compared with stretching, tai chi also was more effective for lower back pain in young men. Tai chi showed greater reductions in pain intensity, bothersomeness of pain symptoms, and pain-related disability than the control intervention in the general population. Tai chi and qigong for lower back pain are still underinvestigated compared with yoga interventions.
• Tai Chi Versus Routine Exercise in Patients With Early- Or Mild-Stage Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Tai Chi slows down the progression of Parkinson's disease symptoms and delays the need for pharmacological support.
• Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Inhibitory Control in Elderly Women: An fNIRS Study. Declines in inhibitory control during aging significantly impair the quality of life of elderly people. Investigating methods to delay the decline of inhibitory control has become a focal point in current research. Tai Chi significantly improved inhibitory control in older adults and is an effective, suitable exercise for improving executive function and neurological health in elderly people.
• Body-Centered Interventions for Psychopathological Conditions: A Review. This article reviews the psychological effects of body-centered interventions on emotional well-being, including both self and other-administered (receptive) therapies. Theory behind body-centered interventions rely upon the bidirectional communication pathway between the brain and body. Tai Chi, movement therapy, functional relaxation alleviate stress, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder and facilitate pain reduction.
• Natural ELF Fields in the Atmosphere and in Living Organisms
• Respiratory Regulation & Interactions With Neuro-Cognitive Circuitry. Active control of breathing entrains respiration and brain activity which affects both mood and cognition.
• Effects of Physical Activity Programs on Sleep Outcomes in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. The moderate intensity exercises of Qigong and Tai Chi, with a frequency of three times per week and a duration of 12 weeks up to 6 months, showed the most significant effects upon sleep outcomes.
• T'ai Chi for Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults: A Feasibility Trial
• Qigong Mind-Body Exercise as a Biopsychosocial Therapy for Persistent Post-Surgical Pain in Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study. Harvard Medical School study finds that Qigong "is a safe and gentle multimodal intervention that shows promise in conferring a broad range of psychosocial and physical benefits for breast cancer survivors." Note that they clearly state that Qigong provides psychosocial and not just physical benefits. This is a very important result that confirms Qigong's effect upon non-physical conditions. This, in turn, is important because there is a strong relationship between the mind (biopsychosocial) and body (physical) in healing. More information on the biopsychosocial model and Qigong can be found on the Qigong Institute website https://qigonginstitute.org/category/17/integrative-medicine-and-medical-qigong-therapy#Biopsychosocial
• Let It Be: Mindful-acceptance Down-Regulates Pain and Negative Emotion. The researchers found that "momentary mindful-acceptance regulates emotional intensity by changing initial appraisals of the affective significance of stimuli, which has consequences for clinical treatment of pain and emotion." This result is another confirmation of how Qigong (through mindfulness) can affect emotions and thus have an effect upon the treatment of pain and emotion-related illness. Another way of saying this is that Qigong is an interoceptive practice. Qigong trains interoception, and mindfulness is part of that training. Interoception is involved in emotional regulation. More information on interoception and the role of Qigong in emotional regulation can be found on the Qigong Institute website at https://qigonginstitute.org/category/29/what-is-tai-chi#InteroceptionProprioception
• Can Qigong Improve Attention in Adolescents? A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial. Qigong improved attention in adolescents after 4 weeks of practice and should be integrated into physical education classes.
• The Effects of Baduanjin Qigong on Postural Stability, Proprioception, and Symptoms of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. "Regular Baduanjin Qigong practice helped the improvement of knee joint proprioception and postural stability, and reduction of pain, stiffness, and functional impairments of old adults with knee osteoarthritis."
• Tai Chi for improving balance and reducing falls: an overview of 14 systematic reviews. Systematic review finds Tai Chi may helps improving balance and reducing falls in older people and those with Parkinson disease.
• Can slow deep breathing reduce pain? An experimental study exploring mechanisms. The researchers confirmed that slow deep breathing, especially the exhale, can help manage pain. They also found that the cardiovascular system did not mediate these changes. Apparently they missed the memo on the autonomic nervous system and vagus nerve which are affected by the slow deep breathing in Qigong practice.
• Mindfulness interventions for rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness interventions can significantly improve pain intensity, depression, and symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with conventional therapy.
• Impact of Tai Chi Yuttari-exercise on arteriosclerosis and physical function in older people. This Japanese study found that "The practice of Tai Chi Yuttari-exercise is effective in maintaining and improving arteriosclerosis status and physical function in older people. However, it may be performed at least thrice a week for maintaining or improving arteriosclerosis status." "Yuttari" in Japanese means "in a relaxed manner".
• Tai Chi and Workplace Wellness for Health Care Workers: A Systematic Review. Tai Chi is a tool for reducing work-related stress among healthcare professionals.
• Efficacy of yoga, tai chi and qi gong on the main symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. Systematic review finds Qigong, Tai Chi, and Yoga benefit lung function and functional exercise capacity.
• A usability study of a multicomponent video game-based training for older adults. Tai Chi-inspired exercises positively influence physical and cognitive functions in a small sample of healthy older adults.
• Concerning Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation: Occult Neural Networks. What is one of the main reasons why auricular (ear) self-massage in Qigong can be so effective for many conditions? The authors explain that "auricular vagal nerve stimulation (AVNS) is an evolving neuromodulation technology that has a wide range of therapeutic applications across multiple disciplines of medical science." They also argue that vagus nerve stimulation alone does not tell the entire story. There are other structures and mechanisms of action that are involved, namely, occult neural networks. "Occult" is a medical term meaning not readily discernible. So their paper is an argument for their fellow researchers to structure their research such that the vagus nerve per se is not all that they investigate. But bottom line, this research is another validation of auricular self-massage/acupressure.
• Does Instructor Experience Impact Balance and Health-Related Quality of Life in Healthy Older Adult Participants following a Tai Chi for Arthritis Program? The authors conclude that "participants taught by experienced instructors had greater balance gains; the experience of instructors should be considered in future studies and community referrals." True enough, but note that even lesser experienced instructors provided benefits. This finding is in line with the recommendations in the Consensus Report of the National Expert Meeting on Qi Gong and Tai Chi.
• 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation strongly recommends Tai Chi.
• Exercise for falls prevention in community-dwelling older adults: trial and participant characteristics, interventions and bias in clinical trials from a systematic review. Exercise, especially Tai Chi, "prevents falls in community-dwelling older people."
• The efficacy of mind-body (Baduanjin) exercise on self-reported sleep quality and quality of life in elderly subjects with sleep disturbances: a randomized controlled trial. Qigong (Baduanjin) improves sleep quality of life.
• Yoga and Tai Chi: a mind-body approach in managing respiratory symptoms in obstructive lung diseases. Yoga and Tai Chi have been found to be more effective than usual care in COPD. These practices provide community-based options for patients with COPD to improve their physical activity, quality of life, and pulmonary function. 
• Mind-Body Exercise for Anxiety and Depression in COPD Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi, Qigong, and Yoga had significant benefits on COPD patients with anxiety and depression. For depression, 2-3 times a week, 30-60 min each time of  Qigong had a significant effect on patients with COPD patients who are more than 70 years old.
• The Impact of Mind-body Exercises on Motor Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Qigong, Tai Chi, and Yoga exercises were found to have significant improvements in motor function, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease, and can be used as an effective method for clinical exercise intervention in PD patients.

• 2020

• Effects of a short-term Cardio Tai Chi program on cardiorespiratory fitness and hemodynamic parameters in sedentary adults: A pilot study. A short-term Cardio Tai Chi program can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and hemodynamic parameters in sedentary adults.
• The Effect of 20-Minute Mindful Breathing on the Perception of Suffering and Changes in Bispectral Index Score (BIS) in Palliative Care Informal Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Study. 20-minute mindful breathing reduces suffering in palliative care informal caregivers.
• Breathing Signature as Vitality Score Index Created by Exercises of Qigong: Implications of Artificial Intelligence Tools Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Using AI to associate breathing patterns (Qigong) with diseases to create personalized non-pharmacological approaches to guide interventions and improve human healthcare.
• Qigong Reduces Depressive Symptoms of Taiwanese Elderly with Chronic Physical Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• Different brain networks mediate the effects of social and conditioned expectations on pain.
• Interoception and Social Connection. Meditation practices that include mindfulness (e.g. Qigong) are important for alleviating loneliness and improving social connection. 
• 16 Reasons Qigong Will Be Bigger Than Yoga in 16 Years.
• The Neurophysiological and Psychological Mechanisms of Qigong as a Treatment for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. These researchers confirm what we already know: One of the main reasons why Qigong is good for so many conditions, including depression, is due to its beneficial affect upon the parasympathetic nervous system. 
• A Pilot Study of an In-Home Multicomponent Exergame Training for Older Adults: Feasibility, Usability and Pre-Post Evaluation. The multicomponent exergame included Tai Chi-inspired exercises, dance movements and step-based cognitive games to train strength, balance and cognition. In the Active@Home exergame, four to five Tai Chi levels were implemented in each city with increasing difficulty. In each Tai Chi level, the participant performed three series of about 10 exercise repetitions, with a rest of 20 s between series. This resulted in a duration of 2–3 min for each Tai Chi level. Progression was reached through more complex movements in the Tai Chi-inspired exercises (e.g., additional arm movements, upper body rotations, increased range of motion, longer time in unstable position) and through additional weights (e.g., filled water bottles). The exergame is generally feasible and usable for healthy older adults applied in an in-home setting and provides an overall positive emotional game experience.
• Randomised Controlled Trial Of The Effect Of Tai Chi On Postural Balance Of People With Dementia. Tai Chi helps reduce the incidence of falls and improve quality of life among community-dwelling people with dementia.
• Increasing the availability of Tai Chi to veterans through a training of trainers course. VA 32-hour Tai Chi teacher training course.
• Exploring the effects of expert-led qigong and self-practice qigong on blood pressure. This paper based on a small sample size reports that qigong exercise program is a safe and effective intervention in patients with prehypertension and stage I hypertension. This is yet another confirmation of Qigong Institute founder Dr. Ken Sancier's conclusion that Qigong helps people with managing blood pressure as he reported in 'Anti-Aging Benefits of Qigong' in 1996.
• Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community: an abridged Cochrane systematic Review. Tai Chi reduces the rate of falls.
• Dao Yin (a.k.a. Qigong): Origin, Development, Potential Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications. Dao Yin is a form of exercise combining physical movements, mental focus, and breathing originated in ancient China. In this review, we introduce the history in the development and the scope of Dao Yin, the relationship between Dao Yin with Taoist culture and Qigong, and the potential mechanisms of how Dao Yin promotes health and alleviate illnesses. Empirical research studies using Dao Yin for treatment of lumbar spondylosis, peripheral musculoskeletal diseases, cervical spondylosis, heart diseases, central nervous system disorders, immunological dysfunction, and psychological disorders are detailed.
• Tai Chi exercise and functional electrical stimulation of lower limb muscles for rehabilitation in older adults with chronic systolic heart failure: a non-randomized clinical trial. Tai Chi exercise can recover the quality of life and cardiorespiratory functions of older chronic heart failure adults.
• An exploratory randomized sub-study of light-to-moderate intensity exercise on cognitive function, depression symptoms and inflammation in older adults with heart failure. Tai Chi improves cognitive function. 
• The Importance and Role of Proprioception in the Elderly: a Short Review.
• Tai Chi Chuan vs General Aerobic Exercise in Brain Plasticity: A Multimodal MRI Study. Compared with general aerobic exercise, eight weeks of Tai Chi Chuan exercise has a stronger effect on brain plasticity.
• Tai Chi Is Safe and Effective for the Hip Joint: A Biomechanical Perspective. Tai Chi is better than walking for improvement in the range of motion of the hip joint and the coordination of the neuromuscular system.
• Effects of a Modified Tai Chi Program on Older People with Mild Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Tai Chi improves cognitive function and mental well-being for older adults with mild dementia.
• Tantra and Modern Neurosciences: Is there any Correlation? This paper is essentially about interoception which involves a greater awareness of the autonomic nervous system. Interoception is a fundamental component of Qigong meditation.
• The mindful attention and awareness scale is associated with lower levels of high-frequency heart rate variability in a laboratory context. Greater mindful attention and awareness is associated with a greater stress response as measured by MAAS and HRV.
• Changes of skin electrical potential in acupoints from Ren Mai and Du Mai conduits during Qigong practice: Documentation of a clinical phenomenon.
• Qigong and Musculoskeletal Pain. Qigong practice reduces pain in varying degrees among adults with different forms of chronic pain with few side-effects.
• ACR, Arthritis Foundation guidelines favor nondrug therapy over TENS, stem cells for OA. Health care providers should avoid prescribing transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation or stem cell injections in favor of more comprehensive management — including nonpharmacological interventions such as tai chi — for hip, knee and hand osteoarthritis, according to draft guidelines presented at ACR/ARP 2019.
• Influence of Tai Chi on Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Fatigue Among Patients with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy. Tai Chi is an effective and feasible exercise for individuals with cancer receiving chemotherapy. This mind-body exercise appears to provide benefits beyond improved physical functioning.
• A Narrative Review of Movement-Based Mind-Body Interventions: Effects of Yoga, Tai Chi, and Qigong for Back Pain Patients. Qigong and Tai Chi effectively reduce low back pain and psychological distress (e.g. depression and anxiety), and improve functional ability. 
• The effectiveness, suitability, and sustainability of non-pharmacological methods of managing pain in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Qigong and Tai Chi were effective non-pharmacological methods in lowering pain levels in community-dwelling older adults, and can be promoted widely in the community.
• Effect of Meditative Movement on Affect and Flow in Qigong Practitioners. Qigong puts practitioners into the flow state. "traditional emotion theories may need to be extended to incorporate new types of affect, or to describe the interplay of controlled body movement, somatic sensations and conscious attention in the generation of feelings and regulation of emotional state. Concerning this last point, “embodied mind” exercises also speak to a wider shift in cognitive science from paradigms that analyze cognitive processes and their sensory “inputs” and motor “outputs” separately, toward models of active perception and embodied cognition."
• Exercise Training Modalities for People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Tai Chi is beneficial for people with COPD.
• The Pain and Movement Reasoning Model: Introduction to a simple tool for integrated pain assessment
• Effect of simplified Tai Chi exercise on relieving symptoms of patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's Disease (PD). Tai Chi training plus routine exercise is an ideal alternative non-pharmacological approach for the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD patients, and especially be more useful for the improvement of sleep quality and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease compared with routine exercise regimen alone.
• Self-reported sleep disturbances are associated with poorer cognitive performance in older adults with hypertension: a multi-parameter risk factor investigation.
• Tai Chi can prevent cardiovascular disease and improve cardiopulmonary function of adults with obesity aged 50 years and older: A long-term follow-up study. Tai Chi is not only a suitable exercise for elderly people with obesity, but it can also help to regulate blood pressure, improve heart and lung function in these individuals, as well as reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases, helping to improve their quality of life.
• Respiratory training interventions improve health status of heart failure patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Breathing training interventions, including inspiratory muscle training, tai chi, yoga, and breathing exercises, are effective strategies for improving cardiac function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in heart failure patients. In home settings, non-machine-assisted respiratory training such as tai chi, yoga, and breathing exercise effectively reduces (improves) heart rate in heart failure patients.
• Exercise for Parkinson's disease. Tai Chi alleviates Parkinson's motor symptoms and could slow Parkinson's progression.
• Social Networks, Community Engagement, and Cognitive Impairment among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults. Tai Chi improves cognitive function in older adults.
• The beneficial effects of Qigong on elderly depression. The antidepressive effects of Qigong occur through psychosocial, physiological, and neurobiological mechanisms.
• Qigong exercise for chronic fatigue syndrome. Qigong exercise should be recognized as a standalone therapy and self-management skill in CFS. Qigong reduced fatigue and depressive symptoms and improved telomerase activity and sleep quality in a dose-response relationship.
• Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective. The purposes of this article are to (1) highlight that it may be more accurate to link many of the identified benefits in the mindfulness literature to interoception and its neurological correlates and (2) propose attentional style as a means to clarify some of the confusion surrounding mindfulness, interoception, and meditation.
• Integrative Approaches for Sleep Health in Cancer Survivors. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, mindfulness-based therapies, qigong/tai chi, and acupuncture have the most evidence for improving sleep and insomnia.
• Body weight support-Tai Chi footwork for balance of stroke survivors with fear of falling: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Tai Chi enhances dynamic control and sensory integration of balance and reduce the risk of fall in stroke survivors with fear of falling.
• Qigong Exercise and Tai Chi in Cancer Care.
• The Effect of Traditional Chinese Mind-Body Exercise (Baduanjin) and Brisk Walking on the Dorsal Attention Network in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Qigong is a beneficial intervention to improve the attention of the elderly with MCI.
• Walking meditation (e.g. Qigong walking) promotes ankle proprioception and balance performance among elderly women.
• Healthy Lifestyle and Cardiac Vagal Modulation Over 10 Years: Whitehall II Cohort Study. Vagus nerve stimulation through practices such as Qigong can have a profound positive effect upon health and can reduce chronic inflammation which is associated with a host of diseases. This research reports that maintaining healthy lifestyles is positively associated with cardiac vagal functioning, and these beneficial adaptations may be lost if not sustained. Another very good reason to "cultivate" Qigong (i.e. incorporate Qigong into one's lifestyle).
• Tai Chi and whole-body vibrating therapy in sarcopenic men in advanced old age: a clinical randomized controlled trial. Tai Chi and Whole Body Vibration are effective treatments for improving muscle strength and physical performance in sarcopenic men in advanced old age. Note that whole body vibration is a form of spontaneous Qigong.
• Effect of Acceptance versus Attention on Pain Tolerance: Dissecting Two Components of Mindfulness. These results suggest that acceptance of pain is more important than attention to pain. 
• Qigong: Benefits for Survivors Coping With Cancer-Related Fatigue.
• Move-It: A Cluster-Randomised Digital Worksite Exercise Intervention in China: Outcome and Process Evaluation. Qigong worksite exercise intervention can be successfully delivered to sedentary office workers in China using video and web-based platforms. It may increase physical activity and does not adversely affect perceived work performance.
• Effects of Taichi exercise on knee and ankle proprioception among individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Twenty-four weeks Taichi exercise may improve the ankle and knee proprioception of patients with KOA.
• Tai Chi Chuan exercise related change in brain function as assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Tai Chi training improved the brain connections in myogenic activity, the sympathetic nervous system, and endothelial cell metabolic activities; enhanced brain functional connections and relayed the ability of Tai Chi to improve cognition and the anti-memory decline potential.
• Benefits of physical activity (PA) not affected by air pollution: a prospective cohort study. Tai Chi decreases risk of mortality in older Chinese adults. The beneficial mortality effects of habitual PA outweighed the detrimental effects of long-term exposure to air pollution in Hong Kong.
• Effect of Tai Chi alone or as additional therapy on low back pain (LBP): Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Tai Chi alone or as additional therapy with routine physical therapy may decrease pain and improve function disability for patients with LBP
• Effectiveness of Tai Chi on fibromyalgia patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Tai Chi exerts significantly greater effects on patients with FM than standard care; therefore, we suggest that Tai Chi can be used as an alternative treatment.
• Tai chi for enhanced inpatient mobilization: A feasibility study. Video-guided tai chi and qigong classes are feasible and well-received.
• Tai Chi and Parkinson's disease (PD): A systematic overview of the scientific quality of the past systematic reviews. Tai Chi is a promising complementary treatment for PD.
• Tai Chi in Chinese adults with metabolic syndrome: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Some positive changes were observed in some cardiometabolic risk factors and quality of life.
• Tai Chi Chuan exercise related change in brain function as assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Tai Chi improves brain function.
• Effects of Computerized Cognitive Training and Tai Chi on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury. Tai Chi improves Cognitive Performance in Older Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury and may last an additional six months.
• The therapeutic effects of qigong in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the stable stage: a meta-analysis. "In this meta-analysis of RCTs between ten included studies, we found that Qigong can improve COPD patients in lung function, exercise capacity and quality of life who were in the stable stage"
• Mindfulness Training for Chronic Non-malignant Pain Management: A Review of the Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-effectiveness and Guidelines [Internet].
• Effectiveness of internal Qigong on quality of life, depressive symptoms and self-efficacy among community-dwelling older adults with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Internal Qigong appears to have potential benefits on overall quality of life among community-dwelling older adults with chronic disease. The findings of this study suggest potential use of internal Qigong as an adjunct activity for chronic disease management.
• The Effect of t'ai chi on Quality of Life in Centrally Obese Adults with Depression. T'ai chi exercise improved indicators of health related quality of life including physical functioning, role physical, and role emotional in centrally obese adults with depression.
• Effects of Tai Chi (TC) on partial anterior cruciate ligament injury: A single-blind, randomized-controlled trial. TC exercises can yield positive outcomes on the knee extensor muscle strength, pain, proprioception and knee function in patients with partial ACL injuries. Hence, TC exercises can be used as a novel method by researchers and clinicians in the treatment of partial ACL injuries.
• Effects of individualized Tai-Chi on balance and lower-limb strength in older adults. Personalized Tai-Chi training designed based on an objective measurement and conducted according to graded intensity and complexity benefitted practitioners after a short period. Personalized Tai-Chi training designed based on an objective measurement and conducted according to graded intensity and complexity benefitted practitioners after a short period.
• Effects of Tai Chi therapy on body mass index and physical index of intellectual disability. Tai Chi therapy was an effective intervention for decreasing fasting blood glucose and for increasing high-density lipoprotein in those with intellectual disabilities. Tai Chi therapy can be implied as a nursing intervention for intellectual disabilities in nursing practice.
• The Use of Tai-Chi to Reduce Anxiety Among Nursing Students Undergoing Simulation. Tai-chi can be an effective technique to reduce anxiety and improve self-efficacy and performance among nursing students in patient care simulations.
• The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on Negative Emotions in Non-Clinical Populations: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Tai Chi practice has a positive effect upon emotions, especially in older adults.
• Long-term home and community-based exercise programs improve function in community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Long-term home and community-based exercise programs improve function in older adults living in the community with cognitive impairment.
• Efficacy of complementary and integrative medicine on health-related quality of life in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The authors found that Qigong plus mindfulness (which is Qigong) was the most effective treatment for health related quality of life in cancer patients.
• Modulatory effects of different exercise modalities on the functional connectivity of the periaqueductal grey and ventral tegmental area in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study. Tai Chi and Qigong (Baduanjin) reduced pain and inflammation in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
• Influence of Tai Chi on Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Fatigue Among Patients With Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: A Pilot Study Brief. Texas researchers find Tai Chi helps cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
• Proprioceptive Training and Outcomes of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The study found proprioceptive training effectively promoted pain relief and completion of functional daily activity among patients with knee osteoarthritis and should be included in rehabilitation programs. Qigong and Tai Chi train proprioception.
• Factors Associated with the Use of Meditation, U.S. Adults 2017. Meditation is one of the most common forms of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States today. While its health benefits are still emerging, public health practitioners and clinicians should be aware of the increasing use of these therapies to treat common health problems, their relatively low prevalence among some groups that might benefit from them (such as older people, those with less healthy lifestyles, and men), and their higher use among those who face barriers to obtaining conventional care.
• Analysis of State Insurance Coverage for Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Low Back Pain as Recommended by the American College of Physicians Guidelines. Other than spinal manipulation, evidence-based, nonpharmacological therapies recommended by the 2017 ACP guidelines (which included meditation and Tai Chi) were routinely excluded from state health benefits plans. Insurance coverage discourages multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic pain management by providing ambiguous guidelines, restricting ongoing treatments, and excluding behavioral or complementary therapy despite a cohesive evidence base. Better plan coverage of nondrug therapies may be a strategy to mitigate the opioid crisis.
• A 12-week Baduanjin Qigong exercise improves symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized controlled trial.
• Long-term Tai Chi Training Is Associated With Better Dual-task Postural Control and Cognition in Aging Adults.
• Self-control is linked to interoceptive inference: Craving regulation and the prediction of aversive interoceptive states induced with inspiratory breathing load. The interoceptive inference framework suggests that our brain continuously anticipates future states of our body and aims to avoid events that might counteract homeostasis by minimizing prediction errors through active inference; e.g. appropriate actions. If predicted interoceptive models are inaccurate, behavior inconsistent with our long-term homeostatic goals may result; e.g. in failures in self-control and emotional regulation. Qigong and Tai Chi train interoception.
• Creative challenge: Regular exercising moderates the association between task-related heart rate variability changes and individual differences in originality. Results suggest that individuals with a higher amount of regular exercise achieve higher originality probably via the engagement in more spontaneous modes of thinking, while more sedentary people may primarily benefit from increased mental effort. This supports the conclusion that higher creativity can be achieved by different strategies. Regular Qigong practice leads to higher creativity.
• A randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of tai chi alongside usual care with usual care alone on the postural balance of community-dwelling people with dementia: protocol for the TACIT trial (TAi ChI for people with demenTia)
• The Effects of Tai Chi Mind-Body Approach on the Mechanisms of Gulf War Illness (GWI): an Umbrella Review. Tai Chi helps veterans with the major prevalent symptoms of GWI. 
• The Taiji Model of Self
• Effects of Tai Chi versus Taekkyon on balance, lower-extremity strength, and gait ability in community-dwelling older women: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial. Tai Chi improves balance, lower-extremity strength, and gait ability in community-dwelling older women.
• Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention on Quality of Life and Craving in Methadone-treated Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mindfulness (included in the practice of Qigong) improves quality of life and reduces craving.
• Effect of Baduanjin Qigong Exercise on Cancer-Related Fatigue in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Baduanjin qigong exercise can relieve CRF in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy and can improve their physical activity level and their quality of sleep.
• A Randomized Controlled Trial to Investigate the Impact of Tango Argentino versus Tai Chi on Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson Disease: A Short Report.
• Exploring the Adaptability of Tai Chi to Stroke Rehabilitation. An adapted Tai Chi program was safe, feasible, well received, and improved function and balance outcomes related to fall prevention in stroke survivors.
• Motivational Non-directive Resonance Breathing as a Treatment for Chronic Widespread Pain. This paper provides excellent background on the physiology and neurobiology of the combined effect of meditation, interoception, and intentful diaphragmatic breathing (in other words, Qigong) upon chronic pain. Based upon preliminary findings within the fields of motivational psychology, integrative neuroscience, diaphragmatic breathing, and vagal nerve stimulation, the authors propose a new treatment intervention for chronic widespread pain which includes key fundamentals of Qigong practice.
• Efficacy of yoga, tai chi and qi gong on the main symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. Systematic review finds Tai Chi, Qigong, and Yoga help COPD patients.
• The effects of Tai Chi on quality of life of cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tai Chi improves physical and mental dimensions of Quality of Life and sleep, reduces levels of cortisol and cancer-related fatigue, and improves limb function. 
• Mind-body interactive qigong improves physical and mental aspects of quality of life in inpatients with stroke: A randomized control study. 10-day Qigong intervention aids subacute stroke inpatients.
• The safety of tai chi: A meta-analysis of adverse events in randomized controlled trials. Findings indicate that Tai Chi does not result in more adverse events (AEs) than active and inactive control conditions, and produces fewer AEs than inactive control conditions for heart failure patients.
• The effect of physical activity interventions on occupational stress for health personnel: A systematic review. Qigong and Yoga can reduce occupational stress and could be incorporated into health promotion in the healthcare sector.
• Qigong and Tai Chi as Therapeutic Exercise: Survey of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Addressing Physical Health Conditions. This review finds Qigong and Tai Chi performed as Qigong are valid complementary and alternative therapeutic exercises.
• The Neuroscience of Nonpharmacological Traditional Chinese Therapy (NTCT) for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Qigong and Tai Chi were found to possibly improve brain metabolites, brain activity, and immune and endocrine systems in patients with major depressive disorder.
• A Bridge of Light: Toward Chinese and Western Medicine Perspectives Through Ultraweak Photon Emissions.  The paper discusses (1) the ultraweak photon emission in relation to Qi energy, meridians and acupuncture points in Chinese Medicine, (2) the biochemical explanation of photon emission of living systems in Western biomedicine, and (3) the progress in research on the large-scale organization and dynamics of the metabolic network including photon metabolism. Findings include: Human photon emission increases with age as well as with disease. It depends on gender and it is reduced by acupuncture; many regulatory key transcription factors undergo continual, repetitive pulses of activation even when cells are maintained in constant conditions; metabolism of cells is regulated by the pulsations of metabolic networks including photon metabolism. 
• Postural instability and the condition of physical frailty in the elderly. Postural instability leads to a greater chance of elderly being frail or pre-frail. A good reason to practice Tai Chi and Qigong. 
• Chen-Style Tai Chi for Individuals (Aged 50 Years Old or Above) with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Tai Chi reduces non-specific low back pain. 
• The effect of a falls prevention program in elderly people in primary health care. What does Tai Chi practice provide? Tai Chi reduces anxiety, depression, and use of technical walking aids.
• Evaluation of quality of life and static balance in postmenopausal osteoporosis women after Tai Chi Chuan practice: an observational randomized case control study. 6-month Tai Chi program improves physical aspects of quality of life, including an increase in standing balance, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. 
• Comment on Accreditation Standard Guideline Initiative for Qigong Instructors and Training Institutions
• Walking is more effective than yoga at reducing sleep disturbance in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Unlike Tai Chi and Qigong, most forms of yoga do not incorporate movement.
• The effectiveness of Tai Chi for short-term cognitive function improvement in the early stages of dementia in the elderly: a systematic literature review. Systematic review finds Tai Chi improves short-term cognitive function in the elderly at the onset of dementia.
• Tai Chi Ameliorates Coronary Heart Disease by Affecting Serum Levels of miR-24 and miR-155
• Dual-Task Walking Capacity Mediates Tai Ji Impact on Physical and Cognitive Function. This is the latest Tai Chi research from Fuzhong Li and colleagues at the Oregon Research Institute with their Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance which has been used in a number of clinical trials. Enhanced dual-task walking capacity as a result of Tai Ji Quan training mediated improvements in physical and cognitive outcomes in older adults at high risk of falling.
• Evaluation of quality of life and static balance in postmenopausal osteoporosis women after Tai Chi Chuan practice: an observational randomized case control study. Tai chi improved physical aspects of quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
• A Cluster Randomized Trial of Tai Chi vs Health Education in Subsidized Housing: The MI-WiSH Study.
• Effect of Qigong on self-rating depression and anxiety scale scores of COPD patients: A meta-analysis. Qigong improves depression and anxiety in patients with COPD.
• Art activities and qigong exercise for the well-being of older adults in nursing homes in Indonesia: a randomized controlled trial.
• The role of inflammation and the gut microbiome in depression and anxiety.
• Tai Chi, Wii Fit and rope skipping exercise interventions are particularly effective in improving balance for young people with intellectual disabilities.
• Why mind-body medicine is poised to set a new standard for clinical research.
• Comparing the benefits of Tai Chi and meditation on multiple sclerosis symptoms. Kinesiology researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have received funding to compare the effects of tai chi and mindfulness meditation on both the physical balance and psychosocial well-being of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). April 17, 2019.
• Harvard Medical School: Even brief periods of movement can reverse the harmful effects of sitting. Even brief periods of Qigong (movement) are good for you.
• The effect of Tai Chi and Qigong on health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews.
• A Cluster Randomized Trial of Tai Chi vs Health Education in Subsidized Housing: The MI-WiSH Study.
• The effect of six weeks of Tai Chi Chuan training on the motor skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Iranian study finds Tai Chi helps children with autism.
• Effects of Qigong practice in office workers with chronic non-specific low back pain: A randomized control trial. Qigong exercise significantly improved pain intensity, back functional impairment, range of motion, core muscle strength, heart rate, respiratory rate, and mental status in office workers with chronic non-specific low back pain.
• Complexity-Based Measures of Heart Rate Dynamics in Older Adults Following Long- and Short-Term Tai Chi Training: Cross-sectional and Randomized Trial Studies.
• Physical and Psychological Health Outcomes of Qigong Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Qigong exercise provides an option for older adults to improve physical ability, functional ability, balance and to lessen depression and anxiety.
• Are Mindful Exercises Safe and Beneficial for Treating Chronic Lower Back Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mindful exercises (Tai Chi and Qigong) help with chronic low back pain symptom management. In particular, Tai Chi appears to have a superior effect in reducing pain intensity irrespective of non-control comparison or active control comparison (conventional exercises, core training, and physical therapy programs). Importantly, training in these mindful exercises should be implemented with certified instructors to ensure quality of movement and injury prevention.
• Impact of diaphragm function parameters on balance maintenance. Deterioration of diaphragm function was closely related with deterioration of balance maintenance. Impairment of diaphragm function manifested by decrease of muscle thickness and movement restriction is strongly associated with balance disorders in a clinical sample and among healthy subjects. Diaphragmatic breathing is one way that Qigong and Tai Chi aid balance and mobility.
• Meditation-Induced States, Vagal Tone, and Breathing Activity Are Related to Changes in Auditory Temporal Integration. This study is based on the relationship between meditation, the present moment, and psychophysiology. The metronome task was used to operationalize the extension of the present moment. These findings add evidence to meditation-induced changes on the TI of metronome beats and the concept of the embodiment of mental functioning.
• Synthesizing the Strength of the Evidence of Complementary and Integrative Health Therapies for Pain. Mindfulness, massage, and Tai Chi have statistically significant positive effects on multiple types of pain.
• Unpleasant meditation-related experiences in regular meditators: Prevalence, predictors, and conceptual considerations. This article does not take into account polyvagal theory, vagus nerve stimuation, and ANS activitation in order to explain why people can have "negative or adverse" experiences during meditation. A certain mental state of mind, what Deb Dana calls "ventral vagal", is required in order not to slip into a non-positive state while meditation. However, "adverse" experiences can actually be an aid to healing when they are understood and safely utilized.
• Health Neuroscience: Defining a New Field. Health neuroscience is a new field that is at the interface of health psychology and neuroscience. It is concerned with the interplay between the brain and physical health over the lifespan. This review provides a conceptual introduction to health neuroscience. Qigong and Tai Chi incorporated into one's lifestyle are examples of health neuroscience practices. What this article lacks is an articulation of the fact that interoception, a key component of Qigong, is integral to health neuroscience. More information on interoception can be found on the Qigong Institute What is Tai Chi page.
• Default Mode Network, Meditation, and Age-Associated Brain Changes: What Can We Learn from the Impact of Mental Training on Well-Being as a Psychotherapeutic Approach? Regulation of the Default Mode Network via meditation slows cognitive decline and promotes a healthy lifestyle, improving the quality of life in the elderly.
• Taking aim at interoception’s role in mental health. By emphasizing the importance of an integrated mapping of interoceptive inputs, and further, by anatomically localizing this mapping to discrete sectors within the central nervous system, a theoretical underpinning for how the brain senses and responds to threats to bodily homeostasis began to emerge around the turn of the millenium, catalyzing a burgeoning movement of research focused around the theme of interoception. The authors ask the question: But can we harness the excitement of recent progress in interoceptive science and translate it into meaningful mental health interventions? The answer is that it's already happening, and the profound health intervention is called Qigong (and Tai Chi). Both Qigong and Tai Chi exercise and inform interoceptive awareness.
• Superior Effects of Modified Chen-Style Tai Chi versus 24-Style Tai Chi on Cognitive Function, Fitness, and Balance Performance in Adults over 55. Tai Chi enhances global cognitive function, balance, and fitness.
• Qigong in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Qigong  decreases severity of individual sensory, behavioural, and language components of autism, and improves self-control, sociability, sensory and cognitive awareness as well as healthy-physical behaviour. Besides having apositive effect on children and adolescents, benefits seem to extend to parents and caregivers as well.
• Cognitive and Mind-Body Therapies for Chronic Low Back Pain and Neck Pain: Effectiveness and Value. American College of Physicians (ACP) and American Pain Society (APS) 2017 updated clinical guidelines: “Non-pharmacologic treatments including but not limited to acupuncture, CBT, MBSR, yoga, and tai chi are recommended as first-line treatments for patients with non-specific chronic low back pain” Full Draft Report.
• Impact of Tai Chi Exercise on Balance Disorders: A Systematic Review. Tai Chi is a useful therapy as for vestibular rehabilitation as it improves dynamic balance control and flexibility of individuals with balance and vestibular disorders.
• The Beneficial Effects of Traditional Chinese Exercises for Adults with Low Back Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Meta-analysis finds Tai Chi and Qigong reduce pain intensity for individuals with lower back pain.
• Trait Mindfulness and Functional Connectivity in Cognitive and Attentional Resting State Networks.  Mindfulness showed increased functional connectivity with neural regions related to attentional control, interoception, and executive function; and showed decreased functional connectivity with neural regions related to self-referential processing and mind wandering. These patterns of functional connectivity are consistent with some of the benefits of mindfulness-enhanced attention, self-regulation, and focus on present experience. This study provides support for the notion that non-judgmental attention to the present moment facilitates the integration of regions in neural networks that are related to cognition, attention, and sensation.
• Effect of Auricular Acupuncture on Propofol Induction Dose: Could Vagus Nerve and Parasympathetic Stimulation Replace Intravenous Co-Induction Agents? Auricular acupuncture is a method for stimulating the vagus nerve and parasympathetic nervous system. Preoperative auricular acupuncture enabled reductions of drugs for general anesthesia without any clinically important side-effects.
• Treating Depression With Tai Chi: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. “Accumulating evidence suggests that Tai Chi, a popular mind–body intervention that originated as a martial art, can significantly regulate emotion and relieve the symptoms of mood disorders. In addition, the availability of instructional videos and the development of more simplified and less structured Tai Chi has made it a promising low-intensity mind-body exercise.” The authors also propose “developing a simplified and tailored Tai Chi protocol for patients with depression, comparatively investigating Tai Chi with other mind–body interventions such as yoga and Baduanjin [a classic form of Qigong], and developing new mind–body interventions that merge the advantages of multiple mind–body exercises.”
• The Immediate and Sustained Positive Effects of Meditation on Resilience Are Mediated by Changes in the Resting Brain. Meditation causes an immediate enhancement in resilience that is sustained. Since resilience is known to be associated with the preventative effect of various psychiatric disorders, the improvement in stress-related neural mechanisms may be beneficial to individuals at high clinical risk.
• A Positive Emotional-Based Meditation but Not Mindfulness-Based Meditation Improves Emotion Regulation. This research confirms a fundamental feature of Qigong practice. Qigong meditation begins with mindfulness to focus on present awareness, but what happens next is more important. Unlike mindfulness alone, Qigong practice trains interoception which is intricately related to emotional processing. More information on interoception and emotional processing can be found on the What is Tai Chi page on the Qigong Institute website. Of particular interest is the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Version (MAIA). Qigong and Tai Chi practice increase interoceptive awareness which in turn contributes to enhanced health and wellness.
• Effectiveness of music therapy with relaxation technique on stress management as measured by perceived stress scale.
• Breath Qigong Improves Recognition in Seniors With Vascular Cognitive Impairment.
• Is There a Preferred Mode of Exercise for Cognition Enhancement in Older Age?-A Narrative Review.  Selected studies examining the effect of various modes of exercise on cognition contend that both training categories (i.e. physical training-aerobic and strength, and motor training-balance, coordination, and flexibility) affect neuroplasticity, and consequently cognitive functioning. However, there are two main differences between them: (1) Physical training affects cognition via improvement in cardiovascular fitness, whereas motor training (e.g. via Tai Chi) affects cognition directly; (2) Physical training affects neuroplasticity and cognition in a global manner, while motor training is task-specific in increasing brain neuroplasticity and in affecting cognition. Examining the underpinnings of these pathways reveals that there is a difference in the underlying forces behind the two training categories. In the physical training category, it is the intensity of training that enhances neuroplasticity and consequently improves cognition, while in the motor activities it is the task complexity that increases neuroplasticity, which improves cognition. Dual-task training, which includes cognitive demands in addition to physical or motor activity, has proven more effective in improving cognitive functioning than a single task. The implications are that if all training components traditionally recommended by official bodies-physical as well as motor training-are efficient in enhancing cognition, then we merely have to emphasize the inclusion of all exercise modes in our routine exercise regimen for physical as well as cognitive health in advanced age.
• The Beneficial Effects of Mind-body Exercises for People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Systematic Review finds Qigong, Tai Chi, and Yoga have the potential to improve various cognitive functions in people with mild cognitive impairment.
• Muscular tension significantly affects stability in standing posture. Research confirms the beneficial effects of purposeful relaxation (sung, "soong", or intentful relaxation is fundamental to the practice of Qigong and Tai Chi). The authors also conclude that "breathing has direct effect over the management of pain and stress, and the results reported here point out the need to explicitly explore the troubling fact that a large portion of population might not be able to properly breath."
• The Health Promoting Mindfulness or Qigong Educational Programs for Beneficial Lifestyle Changes of Cancer Survivors. Conclusion: healthcare professionals should incorporate mindfulness and Qigong in cancer survivors' daily life as means to encourage lifestyle changes for improving their health.
• Wuqinxi Qigong as an Alternative Exercise for Improving Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Wuqinxi (Five Animal Frolics Qigong) may be an effective intervention to alleviate the cardiovascular disease risk factors of metabolic syndrome.
• Tai chi chuan exercises improve functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with primary total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis.
• Qigong or Tai Chi in Cancer Care: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. "Qigong/Tai Chi in cancer care shows great promise with short-term effects in treating many cancer-related symptoms."
• Effects of physical and mind-body exercise on sleep problems during and after breast cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis finds Tai Chi and Qigong help breast cancer patients with sleep problems.
• Tai Chi for heart attack survivors: qualitative insights.
• Tai Chi as an Alternative Exercise to Improve Physical Fitness for Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability.
• Nonpharmacological Interventions for Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Systematic analysis concludes that qigong is an optimal evidence-based intervention for healthcare workers and patients to manage cancer-related fatigue.
• Effects of Tai Chi Exercise on Reducing Falls and Improving Balance Performance in Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Meta-analysis finds that Tai Chi is a good physical training strategy for preventing falls and improving balance and functional mobility in people with Parkinson's Disease.
• Liuzijue Qigong: A Voice Training Method For Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Patients.
• The Effect of Mind-Body Therapies on Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. We analyzed the effects of tai chi and qigong separately as two different MBTs for the first time and found that qigong had a slight advantage over tai chi in the improvement of sleep quality. Subgroup analyses revealed that the effect of MBTs on sleep quality in healthy individuals was larger than clinical populations. The effect of MBTs might be influenced by the intervention duration but not the frequency.
• Explaining Homeopathy with Quantum Electrodynamics.
• Trends in Yoga, Tai Chi, and Qigong Use Among US Adults, 2002-2017. Acute and chronic pain, arthritis, and depression were the top 3 medical conditions for which people used YTQ the most.
• The emotional stability of elders with tai chi experience in the sequential risk-taking task.
• Different training durations and styles of tai chi for glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. The authors conclude that Tai Chi is effective in treating type 2 diabetes.
• Alternative Medicine
• Biomechanical analysis of the meniscus and cartilage of the knee during a typical Tai Chi movement-brush-knee and twist-step. Tai Chi movement produced a gentler stress state on the meniscus and cartilage than walking or jogging, while also requiring a greater knee range of motion. The authors conclude that practicing Tai Chi may have a lower risk of knee joint injury compared to walking and jogging.
• The Effects of Tai Chi on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Lower-limb Physical Function, and Cognitive Ability in Adults Aged Over 60: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Tai Chi aids lower limb physical function and cognitive ability in older adults.
• The Effects of Tai Chi Chuan Versus Core Stability Training on Lower-Limb Neuromuscular Function in Aging Individuals with Non-Specific Chronic Lower Back Pain. Tai Chi benefits neuromuscular function in aging individuals with non-specific lower back pain, while alleviating non-specific chronic pain.
• Energy Medicine: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Current practices in allopathic medicine measure different types of energy in the human body by using quantum field dynamics involved in nuclear medicine, radiology, and imaging diagnostics. Once diagnosed, current treatments revert to biochemistry instead of using biophysics therapies to treat the disturbances in subtle energies detected and used for diagnostics. Quantum physics teaches us there is no difference between energy and matter. All systems in the human being, from the atomic to the molecular level, are constantly in motion-creating resonance. This resonance is important to understanding how subtle energy directs and maintains health and wellness in the human being. Energy medicine (EM), whether human touch or device-based, is the use of known subtle energy fields to therapeutically assess and treat energetic imbalances, bringing the body’s systems back to homeostasis (balance). The future of EM depends on the ability of allopathic medicine to merge physics with biochemistry. Biophoton emissions as well as signal transduction and cell signaling communication systems are widely accepted in today’s medicine. This technology needs to be expanded to include the existence of the human biofield (or human energy field) to better understand that disturbances in the coherence of energy patterns are indications of disease and aging. Future perspectives include understanding cellular voltage potentials and how they relate to health and wellness, understanding the overlap between the endocrine and chakra systems, and understanding how EM therapeutically enhances psychoneuroimmunology (mind–body) medicine.
• NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research Workshop: The Science of Interoception and Its Roles in Nervous System Disorders. One of the reasons why Qigong can have such a profound positive effect upon health is due to the fact that the practice of it trains interoception. Interoception has been referred to as our "sixth sense", or in more colloquial terms, what our body is trying to tell us. The processes of interoception include awareness of body sensations, emotional reaction and attentional response to sensations, capacity to regulate attention, trusting body sensations and beliefs about importance of sensations, and mind-body integration. The NCCIH workshop will focus on how interoception is related to nervous system health. More information on interoception can be found on the What is Tai Chi page on the Qigong Institute website.
• Physical and Psychological Health Outcomes of Qigong Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The meta-analysis showed that Qigong exercise resulted in significantly improved physical ability compared with active control or usual care. 
• How breathing can help you make better decisions: Two studies on the effects of breathing patterns on heart rate variability and decision-making in business cases. Deep slow breathing (e.g. during the practice of Qigong) can increase vagal nerve activity, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). These studies show that brief vagal breathing patterns reliably increase HRV and improve decision-making.
• Disseminating Tai Chi in the Community: Promoting Home Practice and Improving Balance. Falls among older adults is a pressing public health challenge. Considerable research documents that longer tai chi courses can reduce falls and improve balance. However, longer courses can be challenging to implement. This 6-week modified Tai Chi short course resulted in substantial Tai Chi practice by older adults outside of class as well as better physical and executive function. 
• Default Mode Network as a Neural Substrate of Acupuncture: Evidence, Challenges and Strategy.
• Feasibility and outcome of an individualized Tai Chi program for improving balance and strength in the elderly: A pilot study. Tai Chi improves balance function and knee extensor strength of the elderly.
• Effects of Meditation and Mind-Body Exercises on Older Adults' Cognitive Performance: A Meta-analysis. This study found that meditation and mind-body exercises including Qigong and Tai Chi are effective to improve cognition of older adults aged 60 years or above, and exercise parameters should be considered for intervention planning.
• Effects of a Nintendo Wii exercise program versus Tai Chi Chuan on standing balance in older adults: a preliminary study. Tai Chi improves standing balance in older adults.
• A walk on water: comparing the influence of Ai Chi and Tai Chi on fall risk and verbal working memory in ageing people with intellectual disabilities - a randomised controlled trial.
• Reduction of PTSD in South African University Students Using Transcendental Meditation Practice. Results were significantly associated with regularity of practice.
• Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Episodic Migraine: an Update of Evidence from the Last 3 Years. Review finds that tai chi, mindfulness, and yoga are currently the most most promising for the mind/body treatment options of episodic migraine. Mindfulness meditation may be as effective as pharmacological treatment for medication-overuse headache after the offending medication is withdrawn.
• Concentrative (Sahaj Samadhi) meditation expands subjective time. The findings suggest that subjective expansion of time is most likely a general effect of attentional enhancement irrespective of the type of meditation practice.
• Yoga as Antihypertensive Lifestyle Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic review finds that yoga is a viable antihypertensive lifestyle therapy that produces the greatest BP benefits when breathing techniques and meditation/mental relaxation (i.e. Qigong) are included.
• Effectiveness of Tai Ji Quan vs Multimodal and Stretching Exercise Interventions for Reducing Injurious Falls in Older Adults at High Risk of Falling: Follow-up Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. For preventing injurious falls, including those that resulted in medical treatment, the Taiji intervention was found to be superior to multimodal and stretching exercises for older adults at high risk of falling. The findings appear to strengthen the clinical use of Taiji as a single exercise intervention to prevent injurious falls in this population. This is another great research result led by Fuzhong Li of the Oregon Research Institute. HIs clinical protocol Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance consists of a simplified Tai Chi of 8 forms and community-instructors can be trained to deliver it in a 2-day class.
• Could Activity Modifications Indicate Physical Decline Among Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis? One result of this research directly concerns the safety of teaching and practicing Tai Chi because it involves the knees. The hypothesis of this research is that "mobility activity modifications indicate early functional losses that act as precursors to future declines among community-dwelling older adults." The conclusion is that "activity modifications may signal early impairments in physical health" and that "patient-reported activity modifications may enhance symptom evaluation". Teachers can ask students if they have made mobility activity modifications as just one more way to determine whether fthe student has special conditions and to ensure their safe practice. 
• Comparing the Changes in Blood Pressure After Acute Exposure to Tai Chi and Walking. Tai Chi found as effective as walking for lowering blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.
• Self-Regulation of Breathing as an Adjunctive Treatment of Insomnia. "In this article we present a viewpoint on the treatment of insomnia that techniques of slow, deep breathing [i.e. Qigong breathing] in adjunct to sleep hygiene and relaxation therapies may be highly effective in initiating sleep as well as facilitating falling back asleep."
• Long-Term Tai Chi Experience Promotes Emotional Stability and Slows Gray Matter Atrophy for Elders. Chinese study finds Tai Chi exercise slows gray matter atrophy, improving the emotional stability and achieving successful aging for elders.
• Chen-Style Tai Chi for Individuals (Aged 50 Years Old or Above) with Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Tai Chi was found to reduce pain.
• Capturing the complexity of mental disorders in the medically ill: the network approach on behavioral medicine. Since Descartes introduced dualism, body and mind have been seen as separate entities. The latent disease model, the view that symptoms are caused by an underlying disease, was possible within the dualistic paradigm. This paradigm, although successful in some aspects of medicine, is also assumed to underlie psychiatric disorders. As an alternative to the latent disease model, the network approach conceptualizes disorders as complex networks of causally connected symptoms. It offers a new way of understanding psychiatric disorders by directing attention away from the underlying cause and towards the symptoms and their functional interconnectedness, making the distinction between mental and physical symptoms obsolete. 
• Effects of Tai Chi on Cerebral Haemodynamics and Health-related Outcomes in Older Community Adults at Risk of Ischaemic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 12-week Tai Chi exercise has beneficial effects on cerebral haemodynamics, plasma risk factors and balance ability in older community adults at risk of ischaemic stroke.
• Effects of a Twelve-Week Tai Chi intervention in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Tai Chi improves postural control and balance in patients with chronic ankle instability. 
• Effect of Tai Chi Exercise on Balance Function of Stroke Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi improves balance and reduces fall rates in stroke patients.
• Toward a brain theory of meditation. Interesting overview of issues involved in understanding the neurobiology of meditation including how meditation relates to brain networks and states. "The rapidly progressing science of meditation has led to insights about the neural correlates of focused attention meditation (FAM), open monitoring meditation (OMM), compassion meditation (CM) and loving kindness meditation (LKM), in terms of states and traits. However, a unified theoretical understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in meditation-related functions, including mindfulness, is lacking."
• Meditation induces physical relaxation and enhances cognition: A perplexing paradox.
• The effects of qigong on neck pain: A systematic review. Qigong found as effective as therapeutic exercise for individuals with neck pain. 
• Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Tai Chi reduces the rate of falls in older people living in the community.
• Different Modulation Effects of Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin on Resting State Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Older Adults. Both Tai Chi and Qigong (Baduanjin) modulate the Default Mode Network, but through different pathways.
• Effects of Online Yoga and Tai Chi on Physical Health Outcome Measures of Adult Informal Caregivers. Yoga and Tai Chi are effective for improving muscle strength and endurance, tasks of functionality, and flexibility in informal caregivers.
• Effect of Low-Intensity, Kinect™-Based Kaimai-Style Qigong Exercise in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Qigong was effective in improving balance and cognitive function in older adults with Type 2 Diabetes.
• Effects of taijiquan and qigong practice over behavioural disorders in school-age children: A pilot study. Tai Chi and Qiong help children with behavioral disorders.
• Detraining effects of regular Tai Chi exercise on postural control ability in older women: A randomized controlled trial. Tai Chi was effective in improving postural control ability and maintaining intervention gains, and was recommended as an appropriate exercise to prevent falls in the older adults.
• Tai Chi practice on prefrontal oxygenation levels in older adults: A pilot study.
• Exploring Emptiness and its Effects on Non-Attachment, Mystical Experiences, and Psycho-spiritual Wellbeing: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study of Advanced Meditators. Compared to the mindfulness control condition, emptiness meditation resulted in significantly greater improvements in non-attachment to self and environment, mystical experiences, compassion, positive affect, and negative affect. No significant relationship was observed between duration of emptiness meditation and any of the aforementioned outcome measures. Qualitative outcomes demonstrated that participants (i) combined concentrative and investigative meditation techniques to induce emptiness, (ii) elicited spiritually meaningful insights both during and following the meditation on emptiness, and (iii) retained volitional control over the content and duration of the emptiness meditation. Cultivating emptiness appears to be a means of reconnecting advanced Buddhist meditators to what they deem to be the innermost nature of their minds and phenomena.
• Association of mindfulness and stress with menopausal symptoms in midlife women. Mayo Clinic study finds mindfulness may mitigate menopausal symptoms among midlife women.
• Tai chi for treating osteopenia and primary osteoporosis: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Tai Chi may be beneficial for patients in improving BMD values, level of bone gla protein, and relieving osteoporotic pain
• Tai Chi Chuan can improve balance and reduce fear of falling in community dwelling older adults: a randomized control trial. Tai Chi Chuan effectively improves the balance and fear of falling and could be considered as a practical and useful method for fall prevention in community-dwelling older adults.
• Perceived Exertion and Affect From Tai Chi, Yoga, and Stretching Classes for Elderly Women.
• Mindfulness, acceptance, and emotion regulation: perspectives from Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT). "Removing acceptance training from mindfulness interventions reduces their efficacy for improving stress, positive emotion, and social relationship outcomes. Overall, converging evidence demonstrates that acceptance is a critical emotion regulation mechanism of mindfulness interventions."
• Therapeutic Presence: Its Contribution to the Doctor-Patient Encounter. We conclude that TP emerges as a transtheoretical concept that can be integrated into our understanding of the doctor-patient encounter to improve both doctor-patient communication and the doctor-patient relationship. 
• Mindfulness is associated with psychological health and moderates the impact of fibromyalgia. Higher mindfulness is associated with less pain interference, lower impact of fibromyalgia, and better psychological health and quality of life in people with fibromyalgia. Mindfulness moderates the influence of fibromyalgia impact on anxiety, suggesting mindfulness may alter how patients cope with fibromyalgia.
• Effect of a Qigong Intervention on Telomerase Activity and Mental Health in Chinese Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
• Cost-effectiveness of a therapeutic Tai Ji Quan fall prevention intervention for older adults at high risk of falling. Among community-dwelling older adults at high risk for falls, Tai Chi is a more cost-effective means of reducing falls compared to conventional exercise approaches.
• The effect of Tai Chi on balance and functional mobility in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Turkish study finds Tai Chi as effective as conventional exercise programs for improving balance and functional mobility in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss.
• Vagal Interoceptive Modulation of Motivated Behavior. In addition to regulating the ingestion and digestion of food, sensory feedback from gut to brain modifies emotional state and motivated behavior by subconsciously shaping cognitive and affective responses to events that bias behavioral choice. This focused review highlights evidence that gut-derived signals impact motivated behavior by engaging vagal afferents and central neural circuits that generally serve to limit or terminate goal-directed approach behaviors, and to initiate or maintain behavioral avoidance.
• Effects of Mind⁻Body Movements on Balance Function in Stroke Survivors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The study found that Qigong, Tai Chi and Yoga had significantly positive effects on balance function.
• Exercise, Telomeres, and Cancer: “The Exercise-Telomere Hypothesis”. "In this review we discuss the possible role of exercise in the relationship between shorter telomeres, telomerase activity, and cancer. In summary, there is evidence that exercise leads to less telomere attrition and exercise also may diminish the risk of cancer, these two outcomes are possible intermediated by a reduction in oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation."
• Somatosensory Training Improves Proprioception and Untrained Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease. Proprioceptive function in mild to moderate PD is trainable and improves with a somatosensory-focused motor training. Tai Chi and Qigong are proprioceptive function exercises.
• How Mindfulness Can Help Engineers Solve Problems. While many studies focus on the attention aspect of mindfulness, our work suggests that the more essential component is the attitude with which you pay attention – or whether you have an open, curious, and kind attitude. Having an open and curious attitude is referred to as “beginner’s mind” — the capacity to bring fresh eyes to a problem and engage in new perspectives for how to solve it. By remaining open to experiences, we are more likely to make connections between seemingly unrelated concepts, which is crucial to generating original ideas. 
• Tai chi for treating osteopenia and primary osteoporosis: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
• Mind-Body Exercise (Wuqinxi) for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Systematic review finds Animal Frolics Qigong is a safe and effective addition to clinical rehabilitation for COPD patients.
• The efficacy of a brief app-based mindfulness intervention on psychosocial outcomes in healthy adults: A pilot randomised controlled trial.
• The effect of a six-week focused meditation training on depression and anxiety symptoms in Brazilian university students with 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The meditation training was effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms, but the maintanance of these reductions only occurred for those who continued meditating. Permanent meditation programs may be an alternative for promoting mental health for university students.
• === END 2018 ===
• Tai Chi: a promising adjunct nursing intervention to reduce risks of cardiovascular disease and improve psychosocial well-being in adults with hypertension
• Dance training is superior to repetitive physical exercise in inducing brain plasticity in the elderly. The research shows that a challenging dance program as an effective measure to counteract detrimental effects of aging on the brain. Dancing compared to conventional fitness activity led to larger volume increases in more brain areas. These results provide a very good incentive to learn new Tai Chi and Qigong forms. 
• How Exercise May Make Us Healthier. People who exercise have different proteins moving through their bloodstreams than those who are generally sedentary.
• The effect of Baduanjin qigong combined with CBT on physical fitness and psychological health of elderly housebound. Physical and psychological statuses of elderly housebound were significantly improved by Baduanjin training combined with CBT. The effect of the combined intervention exceeded that of CBT or Baduanjin alone.
• Impact of Tai Chi on Peripheral Neuropathy Revisited: A Mixed-Methods Study. Results from this study support psychosocial and physical benefits of TC to older persons.
• Study Shows Tai Chi and Dance Benefit the Brain in Older Adults
• Effects of Tai Chi Yunshou exercise on community-based stroke patients: a cluster randomized controlled trial. This research found that a 12-week Tai Chi Yunshou intervention was more effective in motor function, fear of falling and depression than balance rehabilitation training.
• Effects of Mind-Body Exercises on Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Mind-body exercises, especially tai chi and dance mind-body exercise, are beneficial for improving global cognition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, verbal fluency, and learning in cognitively intact or impaired older adults. Moderate intensity is recommended as the optimal dose for older adults.
• Children and Adults Tai Chi Study (CF-CATS2): a randomised controlled feasibility study comparing internet-delivered with face-to-face Tai Chi lessons in cystic fibrosis. Tai Chi was safe and well tolerated; it was feasible to deliver individual lessons via the internet, reducing concerns regarding cross-infection, and appeared to improve self-reported symptoms.
• The effect of wheelchair Tai Chi on balance control and quality of life among survivors of spinal cord injuries (SCI): A randomized controlled trial. Six weeks' wheelchair Tai Chi training improved static sitting balance and quality of life in survivors with SCI. It may be a feasible, safe, and effective exercise for SCI survivors.
• Relevance of Whole-Body Vibration Exercises on Muscle Strength/Power and Bone of Elderly Individuals. Beneficial effects are associated with whole-body vibration exercises (WBVEs). Increases in muscular strength/power, flexibility, and gait speed; improvements in bone mineral density, balance, and the quality of life; and decreased pain and risk of falls are reported. It is concluded that WBVE is effective for counteracting the loss of muscle strength associated with sarcopenia in elderly individuals. Balance and leg and plantar flexor strength improvements due to WBV indicate benefit to reduce risk and incidence of falls, frailty, and fracture risks. WBV is a form of spontaneous Qigong.
• How meditation impacts the way we learn. "meditators tend to learn from positive outcomes, while non-meditators most likely learn from negative outcomes."
• In adults with osteoarthritis of the knee, is conservative management more effective than intra-articular corticosteroid injections in relieving pain? Conservative management methods such as Tai Chi are more effective than injections, especially when considering long-term pain relief and functionality.
• Gender Differences in Prevalence, Patterns, Purposes, and Perceived Benefits of Meditation Practices in the United States
• Delivery of Fall Prevention Interventions for At-Risk Older Adults in Rural Areas: Findings from a National Dissemination.  Findings highlight the need to diversify the delivery infrastructure for fall prevention programs to adequately serve older adults in rural areas. Ongoing efforts are needed to offer sustainable technical assistance and to develop scalable clinical-community referral systems to increase fall prevention program participation among rural-dwelling older adults.
• In the Eyes of Those Who Were Randomized: Perceptions of Disadvantaged Older Adults in a Tai Chi Trial. Perceived physical, psychological, social benefits, and self-efficacy likely enhance adherence and retention to research-based Tai Chi interventions for older adults. Delivering an on-site, no cost, and supportive program appears critical to overcoming financial and environmental barriers to participation for those living within subsidized housing.
• The Effects of Tai Chi on Heart Rate Variability in Older Chinese Individuals with Depression. This study adds to a growing body of research showing that TC may be effective in treating depression of the elderly. Tai Chi as a mild to moderate mind-body exercise is suitable for older individuals who suffer from depression.
• The Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mind-body exercise may be a safe and effective intervention for enhancing cognitive function among people aged 60 years or older.
• Divergent effects of brief contemplative practices in response to an acute stressor: A randomized controlled trial of brief breath awareness, loving-kindness, gratitude or an attention control practice. Different styles of contemplative practice may produce different effects in the context of brief, introductory practice and these differences may be heightened by stress.
• Mind-Body Interventions in Late-Life Mental Illnesses and Cognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review. There is increasing evidence that mind-body interventions including Tai Chi are potentially useful in the treatment or prevention of geriatric mental illnesses and cognitive disorders.
• Tai Chi Combined With Resistance Training for Adults Aged 50 Years and Older: A Systematic Review. The review supports that Tai Chi in combination with resistance training improves physical function and muscle strength in adults aged 50 years and older.
• The Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Tai Chi Exercise on Cognitive and Physical Function in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment.
• Mindfulness Training Enhances Self-Regulation and Facilitates Health Behavior Change for Primary Care Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Mindfulness Training for Primary Care (MTPC) is an 8-week, referral-based, insurance-reimbursable program integrated into safety-net health system patient-centered medical homes. An 8-week dose of mindfulness training is more effective than a low-dose mindfulness comparator in facilitating chronic disease self-management behavior change among primary care patients.
• Modeling the Impact of Transcendental Meditation on Stroke Incidence and Mortality. Clemson University researchers urge policymakers to prioritize funding to the programs that encourage older individuals to practice meditation.
• [Effect on fear of falling and functionality of three intervention programs. A randomised clinical trial]. Tai Chi helps elderly reduce their fear of falling.
• Multicomponent intervention combining a cognitive stimulation group and tai chi to reduce cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults with probable dementia: A multi-center, randomized controlled trial.
• The Effects of Mindfulness on Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). CONCLUSION: Long-term mindfulness practice may be associated with cognitive and functional improvements for older adults with MCI. Mindfulness training could be a potential efficacious non-pharmacological therapeutic intervention for MCI.
• Mindfulness and the contemplative life: pathways to connection, insight, and purpose. An interesting take away from this abstract is: "Mindfulness plays an important role as a foundation for other contemplative practices." Mindfulness also plays a foundational role in the practice and cultivation of Qigong.
• Beneficial Effects of Qigong Wuqinxi in the Improvement of Health Condition, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Evidence from a Systematic Review.
• NCCIH discovers that contact with nature is good for you. No surprise here. Many Qigong forms were created by observing nature and animals. Qigong practice and cultivation are enhanced through connection with nature. Daoism is a philosphy and practice built upon a foundation of observing and interacting with nature.
• The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Qigong and Tai Chi practice increase interoceptive awareness which in turn contributes to enhanced health and wellness. This paper gives an excellent background on the processes of interoception which include awareness of body sensations, emotional reaction and attentional response to sensations, capacity to regulate attention, trusting body sensations and beliefs about importance of sensations, and mind-body integration
• Association of traditional Chinese exercises with glycemic responses in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Meta-analysis of systematic reviews finds Tai Ji Quan, Qigong, and Ba Duan Jin help patients with type 2 diabetes.
• Tai chi, the winner at warding off falls. Harvard Medical School. 
• Assessment of hormonal parameters and psychological well-being in healthy subjects after a Taoist qigong program: An exploratory study. Qigong modulates blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 
• The Effect of T'ai Chi and Qigong Training on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Study. Tai Chi and Qigong help peple with sleep disorders. 
• Digital Delivery of Meditative Movement Training Improved Health of Cigarette-Smoke-Exposed Subjects. This randomized controlled study found that digitally delivered meditative movement (Qigong) training improves chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related symptoms in flight attendants who were exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke while flying.
• The psychological wellbeing outcomes of nonpharmacological interventions for older persons with insomnia symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mindfulness-based inteventions in particular can reduce depression, anxiety, and fatigue in older persons with insomnia symptoms.
• More Americans are meditating than ever before, as mindfulness goes mainstream
• National Health Interview Survey 2017. Yoga and mindfulness being practiced by more people.
• Connection between Systemic Inflammation and Neuroinflammation Underlies Neuroprotective Mechanism of Several Phytochemicals in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
• Feasibility and outcome of an individualized Tai Chi program for improving balance and strength in the elderly: A pilot study. Traditional Tai Chi is too complex for most elderly individuals. There have been few reports regarding the development of simplified Tai Chi programs to suit the physical needs of elderly adults. However, these programs were not individualized according to the participants' balance control abilities. This preliminary result suggests that the individualized Tai Chi program is potentially effective to improve balance function and knee extensor strength of the elderly.
• The effect of Tai Chi on quality of life in male older people: A randomized controlled clinical trial. 8-week Tai Chi intervention has a positive effect on quality of life in older men.
• The effect of wheelchair Tai Chi on balance control and quality of life among survivors of spinal cord injuries: A randomized controlled trial. Six weeks' of Tai Chi training improved static sitting balance and quality of life in survivors with spinal cord injuries.
• Why therapists should walk the talk: The theoretical and empirical case for personal practice in therapist training and professional development. The key proposition of this paper is that personal practice, coupled with self-reflection, is central to the development of the most effective therapists.
• Effects of long-term home-based Liuzijue exercise combined with clinical guidance in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Long-term home-based Qigong combined with clinical guidance can effectively improve the pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life of elderly patients with moderate to severe COPD.
• Effects of Mind⁻Body Exercises (Tai Chi/Yoga) on Heart Rate Variability Parameters and Perceived Stress: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Systematic review finds Tai Chi and Yoga reduce stress for people who live under high stess or negative emotions through modulating sympathetic-vagal balance.
• Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline. Qigong and Tai Chi recommended for patients with Parkinson's Disease.
• The association between Tai Chi exercise and safe driving performance among older adults: An observational study. Age-related cognitive and physical decline can impair safe driving performance. Tai Chi exercise benefits cognitive and physical function and may influence safe driving performance in older adults.
• Breath of Life: The Respiratory Vagal Stimulation Model of Contemplative Activity. Two more researchers discover that breathing discipline (e.g. slow, deep diaphragmatic breathing during Qigong practice) positively affects the vagus nerve and beneficially modulates the parasympathetic nervous system. 
• Promoting Physical and Psychological Rehabilitation Activities and Evaluating Potential Links Among Cancer-Related Fatigue, Fear of Recurrence, Quality of Life, and Physiological Indicators in Cancer Survivors. Qigong strengthens physical and psychological rehabilitation in cancer survivors. 
• The Vagus Nerve Can Predict and Possibly Modulate Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases: Introducing a Neuroimmunological Paradigm to Public Health. "This article wishes to introduce to medicine and public health a new paradigm to predict, understand, prevent and possibly treat such diseases based on the science of neuro-immunology and specifically by focusing on vagal neuro-modulation. Vagal nerve activity is related to frontal brain activity which regulates unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Epidemiologically, high vagal activity, indexed by greater heart rate variability (HRV), independently predicts reduced risk of GBD and better prognosis in GBD. Biologically, the vagus nerve inhibits oxidative stress, inflammation and sympathetic activity (and associated hypoxia). Finally, current non-invasive methods exist [notably, the practice of Qigong] to activate this nerve for neuro-modulation, and have promising clinical effects."
• Processing of Emotion in Functional Neurological Disorder. The authors report that functional neurological disorder can be caused by at least autonomic dysregulation and abnormal bodily awareness. Practicing Qigong modulates the autonomic nervous system through the vagus nerve and promotes bodily awareness over time through interoception.
• Epigenetic ageing is distinct from senescence-mediated ageing and is not prevented by telomerase expression. This research indicates that there is part of the cell that is subject to epigenetic ageing or subject to the wisdom (or lack there of) of the organism's life choices/chances and what environments and experiences are chosen to exist and live in, which trigger certain gene expression or not. This implies that long life requires cultivation of wisdom as well as vitality, both of which can result through the practice of Qigong.
• Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for people with dementia and anxiety or depression. Tai Chi is effective at reducing symptoms of depression or anxiety in people with dementia experiencing these symptoms.
• Do workplace-based mindfulness meditation programs improve physiological indices of stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis. The authors conclude that mindfulness-based interventions are a promising avenue for intervention for improving physiological indices of stress
• Is less more? A randomized comparison of home practice time in a mind-body program. Prescribing a flexible home practice schedule did not increase compliance. Results suggest that prescribing higher practice doses may maximize practice time and symptom reduction despite lower compliance.
• New Study Links Mindfulness, Brain Changes, and Pain Sensitivity. People who are naturally more mindful report less pain and show lower activation of a specific region of the brain in response to an unpleasant heat stimulus, according to a new study supported by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). The study, conducted by researchers from Wake Forest University and collaborating institutions, was published in the journal Pain.
• International Medical Tai Chi and Qigong Association Inaugural Meeting
• Mindfulness for Healthcare Providers: The Role of Non-Reactivity in Reducing Stress. Non-reactivity to inner experience is a key aspect of MBSR that is independently associated with a change in perceived stress in health care providers.
• Endocannabinoids, exercise, pain, and a path to health with aging.
• Acupuncture for Cancer Pain and Symptom Management in a Palliative Medicine Clinic. Acupuncture improved cancer-related pain and other symptoms.
• Qigong Improves Exercise Capacity, Depression, and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure.
• Live Be Yoga: How a Yoga Teacher Training in This Women's Prison Is Transforming Inmates' Lives
• Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review. Review finds Qigong is a non-phramacological intervention which provides a statistically significant reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease events or overall mortality. 
• A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan for subthreshold depression adolescents. Tai Chi decreases depression level in adolescents.
• UMONS-TAICHI: A multimodal motion capture dataset of expertise in Taijiquan gestures.
• Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Tai Ji Quan Intervention vs a Multimodal Exercise Intervention to Prevent Falls Among Older Adults at High Risk of Falling: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the American Medical Association: Among community-dwelling older adults at high risk for falls, a therapeutically tailored tai ji quan balance training intervention was more effective than conventional exercise approaches for reducing the incidence of falls.
• Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review [Internet]. Tai Chi and Qigong were associated with slight improvements in function in fibromyalgia patients compared with an attention control, sham, no treatment, or usual care. As exercise Tai Chi and Qigong improved pain moderately in the short term.
• Effects of Tai Chi on Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review. Tai Chi appears to be associated with improvements in self-efficacy. 
• Tai Chi exercise is more effective than brisk walking in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults with hypertension: A randomised controlled trial. Tai Chi is better than brisk walking in reducing several cardiovascular disease risk factors and improving psychosocial well-being, and can be recommended as a viable exercise for building a healthy life free of cardiovascular disease.
• 5 ways tai chi benefits seniors
• Mobility, balance and balance confidence - correlations with daily living of individuals with and without mild proprioception deficits post-stroke. Qigong and Tai Chi exercise and maintain proprioception. As this research points out, even mild deficits in proprioception affect mobility, balance, balance confidence, and independence in basic daily living.
• The vagus afferent network: emerging role in translational connectomics. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is increasingly considered for the treatment of intractable epilepsy and holds potential for the management of a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. The emergence of the field of connectomics and the introduction of large-scale modeling of neural networks has helped elucidate the underlying neurobiology of VNS, which may be variably expressed in patient populations and related to responsiveness to stimulation.
• Tai Chi with music improves quality of life among community-dwelling older persons with mild to moderate depressive symptoms: A cluster randomized controlled trial. This intervention represents an economically viable solution to better QOL and healthy aging in a highly populous developing nation.
• Fibromyalgia and Tai Chi: Getting Mindful and Physical. Let's get physical? Bringing in mindfulness alongside may increase its impact.
• Brief, daily meditation enhances attention, memory, mood, and emotional regulation in non-experienced meditators.
• Mind⁻Body (Baduanjin [i.e. Qigong]) Exercise Prescription for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. "Baduanjin [Qigong] exercise as an adjunctive treatment may potentially improve exercise capability and pulmonary function of COPD patients as well as quality of life. Baduanjin exercise could be tentatively prescribed for COPD in combination with the conventional rehabilitation program to quicken the process of recovery."
• Modeling of inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields in the nervous system: a novel paradigm in understanding cell interactions, disease etiology and therapy. "Electromagnetic fields around neurons play a role in physiological and pathological processes, including cell-to-neuron and cell-to-cell communication, their improved understanding opens up new therapeutic strategies based on electromagnetic field modulation or cell's surface charge alteration." This is a step on the way to a better understanding of bioenergy and its relationship to function.
• The Health Benefits of Tai Chi. The University of Kansas Health System. 
• Accreditation Standard Guideline Initiative for Tai Chi and Qigong Instructors and Training Institutions
• International Medical Tai Chi and Qigong Association. This is a brand new organization backed by the Benson and Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine and Harvard Medical School's Teaching Hospital that is planning to establish standards and certification for Medical Tai Chi and Qigong instructors. They aim to be the main accreditation organization acting as an advocacy and representative body for qualified Medical Tai Chi and Qigong instructors in their dealings with government agencies, the general public and the medical community. The inaugural conference will be October 5 - 6, 2018 in Boston, a date which conflicts with the National Qigong Association West Conference in Portland, Oregon on October 6 and 7. Anyone who offers their Tai Chi and/or Qigong as "Medical" may be affected by this new organization.
• Minding the Mind-Body Literature: Aging and Cognitive Decline. The latest from Peter Wayne at Harvard. He makes the point that postural control, motor processes, and cognition are interrelated. Balance and gait are also related to higher order cognitive function.
• Effect of t'ai chi Exercise on Hypertension in Young and Middle-Aged In-Service Staff. "T'ai chi exercise can reduce the level of blood pressure in young and middle-aged in-service staff with grade 1 hypertension, control weight, slow down the HR, improve metabolism, and improve quality of life."
• Brief Mindfulness Meditation Improves Attention in Novices: Evidence From ERPs and Moderation by Neuroticism. "Even brief meditation improves allocation of attentional resources in some novices."
• Qigong intervention for breast cancer survivors with complaints of decreased cognitive function. "The study results suggest that mindfulness-based exercise [i.e. Qigong] may be superior to gentle exercise alone or survivorship support for improving self-report of cognitive function and distress after treatment for breast cancer. The mindfulness component may enhance the positive impact of exercise on cognitive function."
• Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review of Literature. "The MBSR program is a promising behavioral complementary therapy to help people with hypertension lower their blood pressure through modifications in their lifestyle." Note the emphasis on lifestyle change for improved health which is one of the profound benefits of Qigong. There are many research papers on the benefits of Qigong for hypertension, starting with The Anti-Aging Benefits of Qigong in 1996.
• The Potential to Reduce Falls and Avert Costs by Clinically Managing Fall Risk. "This report is the first to estimate the number of medically treated falls that could be prevented and the direct medical costs that could be adverted. Preventing falls can benefit older adults substantially by improving their health, independence, and quality of life."
• Cognition and brain function in elderly Tai Chi practitioners: A case-control study.
• The Effects of Tai Chi on Lower Limb Proprioception in Adults Aged Over 55: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi is an effective intervention to maintain and improve lower limb proprioception in adults aged over 55. More information on Tai Chi and proprioception can be found on the What is Tai Chi page.
• The Effects of Tai Chi on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. Tai Chi helps patients with Type 2 Diabetes. 
• Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Changing the Paradigm for Chronic Severe Depression? Note that Qigong practice stimulates the vagus nerve and thus has the potential for non-pharmacologically helping to treat depression.
• Making Sense of… the Microbiome in Psychiatry.  "The human gut microbiome has been shown to influence many aspects of host health including more recently the brain.Several modes of interaction between the gut and the brain have been discovered, including via the synthesis of metabolites and neurotransmitters, activation of the vagus nerve and activation of the immune system. A growing body of work is implicating the microbiome in a variety of psychological processes and neuropsychiatric disorders. These include mood and anxiety disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, and even neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Moreover, it is probable that most psychotropic medications have an impact on the microbiome." Note that the vagus nerve is affected by both the microbiome and the practice of Qigong. More on Qigong and the vagus nerve can be found on the Integrative Medicine and Medical Qigong Therapy page on the Qigong Institute website. 
• The effect of movement-focused and breath-focused yoga practice on stress parameters and sustained attention: A randomized controlled pilot study. "Yoga-based practices (YBP) typically involve a combination of movement sequences, conscious regulation of the breath, and techniques to engage attention. However, little is known about whether effects of YBP result from the synergistic combination of these components, or whether a subset may yield similar effects. In this study we compared the effect of a movement-focused practice and a breath-focused practice on stress parameters (perceived stress and salivary cortisol) and sustained attention (response inhibition) in yoga naïve university students. While participants of both programs showed a reduction in perceived stress and salivary cortisol, only the breath-focused group showed improvements in sustained attention." This research is another confirmation of the benefits of Qigong (lowering stress and improving attention span) through movement and breathing practices.
• A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effects of Meditation on Empathy, Compassion, and Prosocial Behaviors. Harvard study urges clinicians and meditation teachers to be aware that meditation can improve positive pro-social emotions and behaviors.
• Which Facets of Mindfulness Protect Individuals from the Negative Experiences of Obsessive Intrusive Thoughts (OIT)?  Individuals who are high in nonjudgment, nonreactivity and act with awareness facets of mindfulness experience fewer OITs. The attentional component of mindfulness (act with awareness) reflects an ability to focus on the task at hand, which would suggest that individuals who score high on acting with awareness may be less prone to intrusions, such as OITs. The authors also make the interesting finding that the observe facet (e.g. ‘I intentionally stay aware of my feelings’) of mindfulness appears to be related to more negative experiences of OITs. This tendency to observe experiences is also related to how individuals respond to their OITs, with a tendency toward negative reactions and appraisals and ineffective strategies. Teaching people how to be more aware of their thoughts and feelings and yet letting them go and changing their habitual reactions to them are a part of the interoceptive component of Qigong practice.
• Efficacy of rhythmic exercise and walking exercise in older adults' exercise participation rates and physical function outcomes. Korean study finds rhythmic exercise designed from music and dance more effective than walking exercise in retaining exercise participation and improving physical function in older adults.
• Tai Chi for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Tai Chi has an overall beneficial effect on activities of daily living, balance, limb motor function, and walking ability among stroke survivors, and may also improve sleep quality, mood, mental health, and other motor function.
• The Effects of Movement-to-Music (M2M) and Adapted Yoga on Physical and Psychosocial Outcomes in People with Multiple Sclerosis. Movement-to-music is a useful and enjoyable exercise form for people with MS in improving mobility and walking endurance. 
• The Influence of Breathing on the Central Nervous System. The authors present some detailed information about the diaphragm and breathing in relation to body functions such as movement of the brain mass, oscillation of the neural network, motor coordination, and blood circulation. They note that the movement of the diaphragm affects posture and emotional states. The vagus nerve is one of the main nerves which innervates the diaphragm. "The breath modulates the limbic (the brain's emotional system) oscillations, the cognitive and motor functions of the cortex. This process occurs with greater force when inhalation takes place through the nose; on the other hand, the effect is less forceful if the breath is carried out with an open mouth". "The same respiratory rhythm is recorded differently from specific brain areas, from which the neural oscillations, which allow communication between them, start. The greater the oscillations are coordinated, the greater the function expressed by the different cerebral areas involved." The movement of the diaphragm transmits interoceptive and proprioceptive information that influences neural oscillations and cognitive activity.
• Acupuncture (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the use of acupuncture in the treatment of people with cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients. It does not provide formal guidelines or recommendations for making health care decisions. This summary is reviewed regularly and updated as necessary by the PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board, which is editorially independent of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The summary reflects an independent review of the literature and does not represent a policy statement of NCI or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
• A Large Randomized Trial: Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Breast Cancer (BC) Survivors on Salivary Cortisol and IL-6. MBSR aids breast cancer survivors.
• Long-term Tai Chi exercise increases body stability of the elderly during stair ascent under high and low illumination
• Association between Physical Exercise and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress among Middle-Aged and Elderly Community Residents with Essential Hypertension in China. Frequent Tai Chi effectively decreases hypertension-related oxidative stress biomarker levels.
• Effects of Meditative Movements on Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Meditative movement interventions, i.e. Qigong and Tai Chi, showed significantly improved treatment remission rate and response rate  over passive controls. "Emphasizing the therapeutic effects of meditative movements [e.g. Qigong and Tai Chi] for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) is critical because it may provide a useful alternative to existing mainstream treatments (drug therapy and psychotherapy) for MDD. Given the fact that meditative movements are safe and easily accessible, clinicians may consider recommending meditative movements for symptomatic management in this population.
• The Gut-Brain Axis, the Human Gut Microbiota and Their Integration in the Development of Obesity.
• Investigating the Effect of Mindfulness-Based Training on Psychological Status and Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer. Mindfulness-based training improves psychological status and Quality of Life of patients with breast cancer.
• Effect of Tai Chi Synergy T1 Exercise on Autonomic Function, Metabolism, and Physical Fitness of Healthy Individuals.
• The effect of Tai Chi practice on brain white matter structure: a diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study. Long-term Tai Chi practice benefits brain white matter, and these impacts were correlated with exercise duration and skill level.
• Falls prevention in community care: 10 years on. Australian study recommends referral to fall prevention programs such as tai chi for at-risk individuals.
• Meditation affects brain networks differently in long-term meditators and novices
• Does tai chi improve brain and muscle function in the elderly? Tai chi training leads to increased levels of neuronal and muscle markers. Tai chi training may promote neuroplasticity and increased recovery in muscles.
• Meditation helps veterans with PTSD.
• How meditation helps with depression. A regular practice can help your brain better manage stress and anxiety that can trigger depression.
• Stress Management. Some individuals have a greater innate, or trait, capacity for mindfulness. These individuals, who have not participated in mindfulness-training interventions, tend to experience better physical health, report fewer physiological symptoms such as pain, and utilize fewer healthcare resources. Trait mindfulness has been associated with lower ratings of anxiety and depression in a variety of medical and non-medical populations. Trait mindfulness may emerge from a genetic predisposition. A recent epidemiological study of adolescent twins revealed that trait mindfulness was 32% heritable. The same study also revealed that 66% of the variance in trait mindfulness was due to environmental factors, suggesting that is also a skill that can be learned.
• A modified 6-form Tai Chi for patients with COPD. Another study confirming the health benefits of simplified forms of Tai Chi.
• Differences in Brain Structure and Function Among Yoga Practitioners and Controls. "Our results suggest an association between regular long-term yoga practice and differential structure and function of specific brain regions involved in executive function, specifically working memory, which has previously shown to improve with yoga practice."
• Short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training positively affect emotional regulation ability.
• The neurobiology of interoception in health and disease. Interoception is a key component of the practice of Qigong. This research explains how "Interoceptive mechanisms ensure physiological health through the cerebral coordination of homeostatic reflexes and allostatic responses that include motivational behaviors and associated affective and emotional feelings...interoceptive processing can contribute to the mechanistic understanding of physical and psychological disorders. We present a neurobiological overview of interoception and describe how interoceptive impairments at different levels relate to specific physical and mental health conditions, including sickness behaviors and fatigue, depression, eating disorders, autism, and anxiety."
• Use of Mind-Body Therapies Among Young Adults Aged 18-24 Years: Findings From the 2012 National Health Interview Survey . UCLA Department of Community Health Sciences recommends mind-body practices for young adults: "Young adulthood is a critical period in the life course when individuals are establishing lifestyle and health behaviors that can be enduring. Because stress is a persistent problem, and many MBTs can be helpful with management of stress and anxiety, young adult may be underutilizing these modalities. Public health and educational strategies for greater engagement in MBT among young adults are warranted."
• Open monitoring meditation reduces the involvement of brain regions related to memory function. Open Monitoring Meditation (OMM) reduces intentional focused attention and increases detachment from autobiographical memory. This detachment may play an important role in non-judgmental and non-reactive attitude during OMM. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the contribution of OMM to well-being and happiness.
• Tai Chi provides appropriate physical exercise and opportunities for older persons to enhance their quality of life through interaction of physical, emotional and intellectual wellness.
• Consciousness as an Inhibited Manifestation and Quantum Physics.
• Immediate Effects of Interoceptive Awareness Training through Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy (MABT) for Women in Substance Use Disorder Treatment. Interoceptive training (e.g. practicing Qigong) improves emotional regulation and related health outcomes and helps treat substance abuse.
• Anti-inflammatory effect on genes expression after four days of Qigong training in peripheral mononuclear blood cells in healthy women. Polish study finds Qigong training decreases inflammatory and increases anti-inflammatory gene expression.
• The Effect of Exercise on Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: What the Lymphatic Surgeon Needs to Know. For many years, it was considered best practice for patients with breast cancer  to avoid exercise; however, in recent years, research has begun to challenge this belief. Several forms of exercise including Qigong appear to be safe interventions for clinicians to use when treating this population and offer benefits such as improved quality of life, strength, body mass index, and mental health and decreased pain and lymphatic swelling. 
• Biopsychosocial benefits of movement-based complementary and integrative health therapies for patients with chronic conditions. Movement-based therapies including Qigong improved physical and mental health, reduced opiate and psychotropic use, enhanced emotional well-being, and improved social relationships. Changes were attributed to physical improvements, development of coping skills, and increased self-awareness. This VA medical center study also recommends that providers treating patients with complex comorbidities may consider referrals to movement-based therapy programs to address multiple concerns simultaneously, particularly among patients seeking alternatives to medication or adjunctive to an opiate reduction strategy.
• Review finds Tai Chi reduces fear of falling and improves balance confidence in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
• Proprioceptive Training for the Prevention of Ankle Sprains: An Evidence-Based Review. Proprioception is awareness of spatial orientation, sense of balance, center of balance, alignment and posture. This research found that proprioceptive training is effective in reducing the incidence rates of ankle injuries in athletes. Proprioception is enhanced through the practice of Qigong.
• Mindfulness meditation and relaxation response affect brain differently. The Harvard Gazette: A study shows that both mindful meditation and the relaxation response provide benefits, however, the mindfulness program resulted in further improvements in measures such as self-compassion and rumination.
• Study quantifies changes in stress after meditation. "Through a new method of processing HRV [Heart Rate Variability] time series data, the researchers developed a way to measure the change in the level of stress provided by meditation. This measure assigns a number to the level of variability of heartbeat interval time series before and during meditation. This number indicates precisely how much stress is alleviated by control of the heart-brain coupling through meditation...Historically, one purpose of meditation has been to reduce stress, however, the Army's long-term goal is to use it to mitigate the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD. West said the potential for this to succeed has been dramatically increased with the new ability to quantify the degree of effectiveness in stress reduction using different meditation techniques."
• Your Strength Routine's Most Important 15 Minutes. Although there are as many recovery techniques on the market as there are exercises, qigong (chee-gong) presents a unique and previously unexplored method to eliminate the negative effects of stress and give you a 25% increase in strength in 8 weeks.
• Interoceptive Awareness Skills for Emotion Regulation: Theory and Approach of Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT). Interoception is a key component of Qigong practice. This article explains how interoceptive awareness is connected to emotional regulation, an integrated sense of self, health, and well-being.
• PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. This PDQ cancer information summary for health professionals provides comprehensive, peer-reviewed, evidence-based information about the use of acupuncture in the treatment of people with cancer. It is intended as a resource to inform and assist clinicians who care for cancer patients.
• Systematic review finds Tai Chi produces positive effects on limb motor function, balance function, daily living activity ability and neurological impairment among stroke patients.
• Five-year traumatic spinal cord injury rehabilitation study finds therapies including tai chi and relaxation techniques reduce pain severity.
• Cholinergic modulation of the immune system presents new approaches for treating inflammation. Over the past two decades, there has been explosive growth in the scientific understanding of neuroanatomical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that affect immune functions through the autonomic nervous system. A major catalyst for growth in this field was the discovery that vagal nerve causes a prominent attenuation of the systemic inflammatory response. Qigong practice beneficially affects the immune system through stimulating the vagus nerve which in turn causes the cholinergic modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This paper presents details on the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response.
• Systematic review finds Tai Chi improves cardiovascular function and flexibility in people living with HIV.
• A review of vagus nerve stimulation as a therapeutic intervention. Qigong practice stimulates the vagus nerve through diaphragmatic breathing, healing sounds, and self-applied massage. As this review explains, vagus nerve stimulation lowers inflammation and helps treat chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis as well as fibromyalgia and migraines. Stimulation of the vagus nerve is a major reason why Qigong is being revealed to be so beneficial for so many chronic conditions.
• Acute Physiological and Psychological Effects of Qigong Exercise in Older Practitioners.
• Journal of the American Medical Association: "Tai chi is equally or more beneficial than aerobic exercise for people with fibromyalgia"
• NCCIH recommends Tai Chi for Parkinson's
• Mindfulness Trends in The Workplace. The article discusses the adoption of mindfulness practices by business and the fact that there are more than 1000 mindfulness apps and 30,000 books on mindfulness at Amazon. It also says: 'While there is nothing wrong with using brain "hacks" to enhance human potential, the absence of training in insight and skillful actions in commercial mindfulness compromises the efficacy and integrity of the programs. This trend will continue to grow till it is replaced by the next lucrative management fad.' Clearly, the next "fad" is already here, and it's called Qigong -- the ultimate App-less Mindfulness App. 
• Mindfulness training induces structural connectome changes in insula networks. Mindfulness stregthens interoception. Both mindfulness and interoception are fundamental to the practice of Qigong and Tai Chi. 
• The effects of mindfulness and relaxation training for insomnia (MRTI) on postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Eight weeks mindfulness meditation training improved sleep quality, quality of life, attention levels, and reduced vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women with insomnia.
• Broke Your Right Arm? Exercise Your Left. It May Help, Really. Working out the muscles on one side of our bodies can keep the muscles on the other side fit, even if we do not move them at all. 
• Mindful meditation may have health benefits.
• Group based Tai Chi improves health of older Chinese with hypertension.
• Can Tai Chi and Qigong Postures Shape Our Mood? Toward an Embodied Cognition Framework for Mind-Body Research.
• Why Companies Are Embracing Corporate Mindfulness
• Bibliometric Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Production between 1982 and 2016 Indexed in PubMed. The increasing demand for TCM seems to be due to factors such as lower side effects and greater efficacy in some patients not responding well to conventional therapy. As a result, a considerable amount of TCM science-based literature has been produced, supporting the rational integration of these practices in Western healthcare systems and research. Our results show that the quality of TCM research and inherent publications have been increasing over the last decades, with a higher incidence of studies published in well-ranked journals.
• The Yogi masters were right -- meditation and breathing exercises can sharpen your mind. New research explains link between breath-focused meditation and attention and brain health. "...this means that our attention is influenced by our breath and that it rises and falls with the cycle of respiration. It is possible that by focusing on and regulating your breathing you can optimise your attention level and likewise, by focusing on your attention level, your breathing becomes more synchronised."
• Systematic review finds Tai Chi is effective in reducing falls incidence in Parkinson's disease and stroke.
• Schools turn to mindfulness to tackle student anxiety
• Systematic review finds Tai Chi enhances neural plasticity in healthy adults.
• Effectiveness of meditative movement on COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic review recommends Qigong (meditative movement) for COPD.
• Six-year positive effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on mindfulness, coping and well-being in medical and psychology students; Results from a randomized controlled trial.
• Neuroembryology of the Acupuncture Principal Meridians: Part 3. The Head and Neck. Accumulating evidence from anatomical, physiologic, and neuroimaging research shows that Classical acupuncture points stimulate nerve trunks or their branches in the head, trunk, and extremities. The first part of this series revealed that phenomenon in the extremities. Principal meridian distributions mirror those of major peripheral nerves there and Classical acupuncture points are proximate to peripheral nerves there. Overall, the acupuncture Principal meridians can be conceptualized to have a neuroanatomical substrate that is corroborated by developmental neuroembryology. Note that one of the authors is from the Mayo Clinic.
• Ready, set, focus: Finding calm in a storm through the power of breathing. The military is discovering QIgong.
• To treat pain, PTSD and other illnesses, Tennessee vets try tai chi
• Tai Chi Improves Brain Metabolism and Muscle Energetics in Older Adults.
• Neural Mechanisms of Qigong Sensory Training Massage for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Feasibility Study. Qigong Sensory Training (QST) is a nonverbal, parent-delivered intervention recently shown to be effective at reducing these everyday challenges in children with ASD. This study proved its feasibility for larger trials. 
• Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect of Tai chi exercise training in older adults with metabolic syndrome. Tai Chi has an antioxidative and hypoglycemic effect in the elderly with metabolic syndrome.
• The effect of Chinese martial arts Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on prevention of osteoporosis: A systematic review. TCC is beneficial to BMD and may be a cost-effective and preventive measure of osteoporosis. This beneficial effect is better observed in long-term TCC practice.
• Review of the Neural Oscillations Underlying Meditation. The most commonly studied specific meditation practices are focused attention (FA), open-monitoring (OM), as well as transcendental meditation (TM), and loving-kindness (LK) meditation. Meditation is one type of mental training that has been shown to produce many cognitive benefits. Meditation practice is associated with improvement in concentration and reduction of stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, different forms of meditation training are now being used as interventions for a variety of psychological and somatic illnesses. The current literature suggests distinct differences in neural oscillatory activity among FA, OM, TM, and LK meditation practices.
• 'Mindfulness' meditation technique finding new fans in Triangle and beyond. "The formal practice of mindfulness meditation is like going to the gym," she said. "You are training your brain toward focus, toward being able to marshal your own attention." Researchers from Carnegie Mellon and the University of Pittsburgh showed why this works by looking at MRI images of study subjects who had been practicing mindfulness meditation for eight weeks. The images showed a decrease in the size of the amygdala, which is the "fight or flight" center of the brain.
• A Randomized Trial Evaluating School-Based Mindfulness Intervention for Ethnic Minority Youth: Exploring Mediators and Moderators of Intervention Effects. The study provided evidence that mindfulness intervention was beneficial for low-income ethnic minority youth in reducing perceived stress and internalizing problems, and improving emotion regulation outcomes. Furthermore, mindfulness training was associated with reduced mental health symptoms via improvements in emotion regulation.
• The neurobiology of focus and distraction: The case for incorporating mindfulness into leadership. Two main neural circuits are contrasted: the mind-wandering default mode circuit and the attentional central executive system. These two systems act in an antagonistic pairing, where the degree of toggling between systems is associated with the degree a person can sustain focus and filter out unwarranted distractions. Excessive multitasking appears to compromise the neural switch of these two systems, thereby diminishing our focus and concentration. In contrast, mindfulness practice is shown to have the opposite effect by enhancing the neural switch, thereby enhancing leadership focus that can lead to greater flexibility, foresight, regulation, and creativity. To conclude, leaders who are excessively distracted, such as with multitasking, may be compromising cognitive brain functioning, while engaging in mindfulness may replenish the brain and thereby enhance leaders' ability to sustain focus and tap into higher cognitive functioning.
• Tai Chi and the Musician: How This Martial Art Could Help Your Career
• Bioelectric signaling in regeneration: Mechanisms of ionic controls of growth and form (morphology). Levin at the Department of Biology, Tufts University is at the forefront of researching the relationship between physiology and bioenergy. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine the Eight Extraordinary vessels or meridians are the energy template of the body. This energy template or field is affected by the environment and is the fundamental pattern that provides the basis for human growth and morphology. Levin's work expands our basic understanding of morphogenetic processes responsible for the generation and repair of complex anatomy through researching and understanding our endogenous voltage gradients, ion flows, and electric fields.
• Qigong dance helps Parkinson's patients. 
• Cognitive Gains From Meditation May Endure Up to 7 Years
• 10-minute Tai Chi practice improves attention and decreases stress.
• Review finds mind-body practices improve depression, activities of daily living, and mobility of post-stroke patients.
• Tai Chi found as effective as normal pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD but does not require specific facilities.
• Postural awareness and its relation to pain: validation of an innovative instrument measuring awareness of body posture in patients with chronic pain. Postural awareness and adjustment are fundamental to the practice of Qigong. This research confirms the importance of postural awareness for reducing pain over time.
• There’s new evidence that Silicon Valley's favorite mindfulness habit may help defeat a key problem of aging
• Study suggests Tai Chi as low-cost alternative to pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD patients
• Practicing Tai Chi helps improve respiratory function in patients with COPD Tai Chi offers a low-cost, easily accessible alternative to pulmonary rehabilitation, study finds.
• This Harvard Medical School transcriptome research is the first to show at the molecular level how Qigong (which elicits the relaxation response) lowers blood pressure. Qigong Institute founder Dr. Ken Sancier showed that Qigong reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients in his ground-breaking 1996 paper 'Anti-Aging Benefits of Qigong'. Note that one of the authors of this current paper is Dr. Herbert Benson who wrote the book on the Relaxation Response.
• 7-Year Follow-up Shows Lasting Cognitive Gains From Meditation
• Movement therapies such as Tai Chi more beneficial than manual therapy for adults with arthritis.
• Integrative Health & Wellness Caucus Focuses on Putting Health Back in Healthcare. “This caucus is the start of an important conversation to shift our healthcare paradigm from a reactive model to whole-person preventive outcomes,” said Len Wisneski, M.D., Chair Integrative Health Policy Consortium. “American’s have spent billions of dollars out-of-pocket on complementary and integrative care. It is time that Congress and healthcare payers and systems respond by including all credentialed and licensed providers and evidence-based care approaches into the choices available to all Americans.”
• The effectiveness of mindfulness meditation for nurses and nursing students: An integrated literature review. This review concludes that mindfulness meditation is an effective strategy for preventing and managing the workplace stress and burnout.
• Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain-Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders. Qigong practice stimulates the vagus nerve, mainly through diaphragmatic breathing. This review article reports that vagus nerve stimulation is a promising add-on treatment for treatment-refractory depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and inflammatory bowel disease. Treatments that target the vagus nerve increase the vagal tone and inhibit cytokine production. Both are important mechanism of resiliency.
• Qigong (Baduanjin) helps stroke patients achieve the best possible short-term outcome and should be integrated with mainstream rehabilitation programs.
• WHAT IS THE INTERSTITIUM? SCIENTISTS 'DISCOVER NEW ORGAN'
• Newfound 'organ' had been missed by standard method for visualizing anatomy
• The Relationship between Heart Rate Variability, Psychological Flexibility, and Pain in Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Psychological flexiblity is related to pain.
• Tai Chi more beneficial than aerobic exercise for fibromyalgia.
• Tai Chi found superior to physical exercise and psychological support for cancer-related fatigue.
• Mindfulness is associated with psychological health and moderates pain in knee osteoarthritis.
• The Bioelectric Code: Reprogramming Cancer and Aging From the Interface of Mechanical and Chemical Microenvironments. Cellular membrane voltage (Vm), has been documented to exert control over cellular behavior both in culture and in vivo. Manipulating this fundamental cellular property influences a remarkable array of organism-wide patterning events, producing striking outcomes in both tumorigenesis as well as regeneration. These studies suggest that Vm is not only a key intrinsic cellular property, but also an integral part of the microenvironment that acts in both space and time to guide cellular behavior. As a result, there is considerable interest in manipulating Vm both to treat cancer as well as to regenerate organs damaged or deteriorated during aging.
• Tai chi recommended to fight fibromyalgia
• American College of Physicians strongly recommends non-pharmacological treatment including meditation, tai chi, and yoga for low back pain.
• Korean study highlights importance of proper posture while doing Spontaneous Qigong (whole body vibration).
• Spiritual Fitness: An Essential Component of Human Performance Optimization.
• Yoga Therapy and Polyvagal Theory: The Convergence of Traditional Wisdom and Contemporary Neuroscience for Self-Regulation and Resilience. It's interesting that the authors of this paper associate yoga with eudaimonic well-being. Yoga thereby gains approval as a mind-body therapy that can be studied and utilized in western medical research and clinical contexts because it can be treated as a practice distinct from its historical origin and framework.
• On happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Qigong is a eudaimonic approach to well-being.
• Revealing the Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Beneficial Effects of Tai Chi: A Neuroimaging Perspective. This review identifies possible links between the alterations in the brain and beneficial effects of Tai Chi, such as improved motor functions, pain perception, metabolic profile, cognitive functions, mental health and sleep quality.
• Brainless Embryos Suggest Bioelectricity Guides Growth. Researchers are building a case that long before the nervous system works, the brain sends crucial bioelectric signals to guide the growth of embryonic tissues. Levin at Tufts is the main researcher.
• Daily mood and chronic caregiving stress are associated with mitochondrial functional capacity. Mitochondrial health may represent a nexus between psychological stress and health. This research suggests how stress directly affects the body's production of energy.
• Mindfulness training benefits high school students.
• fMRI during Transcendental Meditation practice. The study found a pattern of heightened blood flow in attentional areas and decreased blood flow in arousal areas.
• Mindfulness helps MS patients.
• Systematic review finds that Qigong helps Type 2 Diabetes patients.
• Inflammatory biomarkers responses after acute whole body vibration in fibromyalgia. A single acute session of mild and short whole body vibration (one form of Spontanous Qigong) can improve the inflammatory status in patients with fibromyalgia, reaching values close to those of matched healthy adults at their basal status. The neuroendocrine mechanism seems to be an exercise-induced modulation towards greater adaptation to stress response in these patients.
• Tai Chi for older adults with chronic multisite pain: a randomized controlled pilot study. Tai Chi significantly lowered pain severity and pain interference, reduced fear of falling, and improved several single-task and dual-task gait variables, while light physical exercise in the control group did not change these measures.
• Insight Meditation and Telomere Biology: The Effects of Intensive Retreat and the Moderating Role of Personality. UC Davis study finds that meditation training in a retreat setting has positive effects on telomere regulation, which is moderated by individual differences in personality and meditation experience. Perhaps more interesting, multilevel analyses revealed an apparent telomere length increase in the retreat group, compared to a group of experienced meditators, similarly comprised in age and gender, who were not on retreat.
• Harvard Medical School recommends Tai Chi in another new book.
• Proper posture the tai chi way. Harvard Medical School recommends Tai Chi (again).
• Fibromyalgia Related Chronic Pain Reduced with Meditation Therapy
• Physical Therapy vs Tai Chi for Knee Osteoarthritis: Dose-Response Effects of Interventions. Tai Chi as effective as physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis.
• Prescription for mindfulness: Non-profits and hospitals use new practices for healing
• Study Shows Efficacy of Mindfulness Meditation in Treating Adults With ADHD
• Mindfulness Is Going Mainstream Because of Science
• Mindfulness decreases emotional reactivity and improves well-being of older adults in long-term care.
• NIH recommends Qigong for hypertension.
• More researchers discover Walking Qigong.
• Acupuncture 'dose' (number of treatments) and insurance benefits in the USA. An adequate treatment dose, including a sufficient number of acupuncture treatments, is important for the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for common conditions. Nationally, most people who use acupuncture do not receive a full treatment course. Considering evidence of effectiveness, low risk and relatively low cost of delivery, acupuncture could play a larger role in non-pharmaceutical treatment of common conditions such as pain. Policymakers should consider that, without insurance benefits for acupuncture, people are less likely to complete a full treatment course, which may contribute to disparities in use and health outcomes.
• VA Promotes Tai Chi as a part of its new Whole Health initiative. The VA describes Whole Health as providing a personalized health plan for veterans, encouraging them to practice "self-care," and providing a comprehensive care that "considers the physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, and environmental elements that work together to provide the best quality of life."
• Systematic review finds Tai Chi and Qigong (Ba Duan Jin) helpful for people with type 2 diabetes.
• Another study showing the physical performance benefits of whole-body vibration (a form of Spontaneous Qigong) for older people.
• Everybody was Kung-Fu fighting-The beneficial effects of Tai Chi Qigong and self-defense Kung-Fu training on psychological and endocrine health in middle aged and older men. Tai Chi Qigong training provides a promising prevention strategy against age-related physical and mental deterioration in aging men.
• Building Sangha in the American Healthcare Setting for Persons With Chronic Disease. This research shows how self-led groups can be so beneficial for people with chronic diseases. Guo Lin Qigong is an example of the benefits of self-led group practice for people with cancer.
• Auricular Vagus Nerve stimulation helps treat depression. This research explains why techniques like Qigong self-massage of the ear are so beneficial and how they work.
• Effect of Meridian Acupressure on Aerobic Performance of Healthy Young Population: A Randomized Controlled Study. Turkish study finds that finger-tip acupressure increases aerobic performance of young healthy males more than 10%.
• Spontaneous Qigong (whole body vibration) as effective as Pilates on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
• Systematic review finds Qigong reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with physical or mental Illnesses. Baduanjin is one of the older forms of Qigong.
• The Impact of Combined Music and Tai Chi on Depressive Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.
• Yoga in Print Media: Missing the Heart of the Practice. Representation of yoga in articles contained in the most popular yoga magazine is heavily biased in favor of physical practices. Recommendations are offered about how to shift media representation of yoga to make the heart of the practice more accessible to individuals who could experience health benefits but currently feel excluded from the practice.
• Non-Pharmacological healing with Mind-Body practice. Dr. Roger Jahnke. video. 1:03:01.
• Teach Kids About Mindfulness With These Everyday Objects
• Yoga found effective for veterans with PTSD symptoms.
• Physical activity and disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review (2011-2016). Physical activity including tai chi was associated with measurable benefits on ability outcomes, but continuation is likely required to maintain benefits. This research confirms what the Qigong community knows so well: you have to keep practicing to maintain the benefits. 
• Systematic review finds acupuncture affects brain networks and connectivity.
• Major Medical School Announces First Dedicated Mindfulness Division. The Division of Mindfulness at the University of Massachusetts Medical School aims to introduce mindfulness into medical care.
• Tai Chi enhances cognitive health and function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
• 12-week Tai Chi program as effective as physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis.
• Systematic review finds mindfulness-based interventions improve quality of life, acceptance of situation, and reduction in depression and anxiety in adults with advanced cancer. Mindfulness is fundamental to Qigong. The authors also recommend simplified and briefer mindfulness sessions which is exactly what Qigong has to offer.
• Substituting Meditation for Detention Apparently Works Wonders For Kids. For years a Baltimore school has sent more difficult students to their "Mindful Moment Room" instead of detention. The result has been zero suspensions.
• 7 Myths About Meditation Preventing You From Grasping The Amazing Benefits of Mindfulness. If you're focused on the wrong things, you won't get the true benefits. The number one way to get the benefits of mindfulness is to practice Qigong.
• UCLA Medical School study finds mindful movement therapies including tai chi are effective therapies for management of common older adult mood, sleep, and cognition disorders.
• An Introduction to Tai Chi. A new special health report from Harvard Medical School. Mind-body exercises, such as tai chi and yoga, have been gaining popularity over the past few decades. This is not surprising, given the increasing number of studies on the positive effects of these gentler forms of exercise—everything from lowering blood pressure and managing depression to building strength and improving balance. There is even evidence that tai chi may help you live a longer, more vital life.
• Teaching meditation and yoga in high school.
• Affective Responses to Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise, Mindfulness Meditation, and Combinations of Exercise and Meditation: A Randomized Controlled Intervention. A single bout of brisk walking or meditation, as well as a combination of walking and meditation, may positively influence affect. There is some evidence to suggest that affective benefits may be greater following meditation or a combination of meditation and walking, when compared with walking alone
• Yoga as effective as physical exercise for cardio-respiratory fitness.
• Qigong alleviates musculoskeletal pain and improves overall sleep quality in people with chronic illness. Unfortunately, in the abstract and title they call Baduanjin "mindfulness", and do not mention that Baduanjin (8 pieces of Brocade) is Qigong. Fortunately, Qigong is mentioned multiple times in the article text. "Contemporary concept Qigong practices like Baduanjin enhance physiological proprioception by combining a special state of awareness with posture, movement, and breathe control, and thereby improve and strengthen the overall state of vegetative regulation (homeostasis) [66]. Compared to first line treatments (drugs, cognitive behavioral therapy) and other effective treatment alternatives (e.g., aerobic exercise for insomnia), there are a lot of advantage to use Baduanjin exercise as an adjunctive treatment for patients suffering from pain and from insomnia. It is accessible to people of all ages and physical strength, easy to learn, and has few known side effects."
• Registration is now open for the next National Qigong Association Conference. Friday–Sunday, April 27–29, 2018 DoubleTree by Hilton, Asheville-Biltmore, NC. Three days of workshops, lectures, seminars, and demonstrations presented by over 20 leaders in the fields of Qigong, Taijiquan, and the Energetic Arts, plus networking with friends in the Qigong community, distinctive vendors & products, and a silent auction.
• Tai Chi and Qigong May Improve Motor Function, Depression and Other Symptoms in Lyme-Related Parkinson's Disease
• Qigong practice affects brain alpha and theta activity.
• Tai Chi improves memory and cognition in older adults.
• Tai Chi improves cardiorespiratory fitness for coronary disease patients.
• The acute Effect of “White Ball” Qigong in Perceptual auditory Attention. The correlation between body-mind techniques, practice, and better cognitive performances is a current topic of public interest. Benefits in attention, multi-task management, stress- coping, well-being and general health improvements are documented. Qigong is a therapeutic technique from TCM with great clinical success on cognitive and emotional management. One of the problems with Qigong research is the lack of adequate controls. We recently developed a placebo Qigong and adopted this methodology to the current research study. We were interested whether a single five minutes practice of the White Ball Qi Gong exercise improved the Perceptual Auditory Attention or if a minimum of training is necessary to obtain potential effects.
• Self-healing Retreat for Cancer Patients. May 13-19, 2018. Baltimore, Maryland.
• Move Your Way to a Mindful Meditation Practice. Another yoga teacher discovers Qigong.
• Tai Chi Chuan as Physical Therapy for Knee Pain.
• Easing Ills through Tai Chi. Harvard Magazine. Researchers study the benefits of this mind-body exercise.
• Fundamentals and Benefits of Qigong. Discover the power of this ancient health care practice, and its variety of movement exercises.
• Planning a World Tai Chi and Qigong Day Event for 4/28/18? Here is some helpful information from founder Bill Douglas on how to gain support and sponsorship for your event.
• Defeating Diseases with Energy. Healing with qi. A change in body energy can have a profound effect upon function. “My belief is that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the etiology of most common complex diseases, as well as aging,” the author says. He explains that a person suffering from chronic headaches might see a neurologist, but there’s also the possibility that “there’s a systemic energy defect causing the headache. There’s nothing wrong anatomically with the brain.” Wallace believes the same can be said for problems with the heart, muscles, renal and endocrine systems. "We've completely ignored energy in Western medical philosophy," the author says.
• Rheumatoid arthritis pain? Tai Chi could improve symptoms in the knee, hip and hands. RHEUMATOID arthritis pain is a condition that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints - the knees, hips and hands are the most common effected areas. While there is no cure, there are a number of remedies which have been found to ease the pain, including Tai Chi.
• Breathing to Relax and Release Deeply Bound Tension.
• Study finds tai chi significantly reduces depression symptoms in Chinese-Americans. A 12-week program of instruction and practice of the Chinese martial art tai chi led to significantly reduced symptoms of depression in Chinese Americans not receiving any other treatments. The pilot study conducted by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry enrolled members of Boston's Chinese community who had mild to moderate depression.
• Exercise Alters Our Microbiome. Is That One Reason It’s So Good for Us? Researchers found increases in certain microbes due to exercise that help to produce substances called short-chain fatty acids. These fatty acids are believed to aid in reducing inflammation in the gut and the rest of the body. They also work to fight insulin resistance, a precursor to diabetes, and otherwise bolster our metabolisms. Almost all of the changes in people’s guts dissipated after six weeks of not exercising. By and large, their microbiomes reverted to what they had been at the study’s start. These results indicate that exercise must be part of one's lifestyle in order for the benefits to last as they do in the life-long practice of Qigong. 
• The Effects of Stress and Meditation on the Immune System, Human Microbiota, and Epigenetics. Psychological stress typically triggers a fight-or-flight response, prompting corticotropin-releasing hormone and catecholamine production in various parts of the body, which ultimately disturbs the microbiota. In the absence of stress, a healthy microbiota produces short-chain fatty acids that exert anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. During stress, an altered gut microbial population affects the regulation of neurotransmitters mediated by the microbiome and gut barrier function. Meditation helps regulate the stress response, thereby suppressing chronic inflammation states and maintaining a healthy gut-barrier function. The current research team recommends the integration of meditation into conventional health care and wellness models. More information on Qigong and the Microbiome: Food Is Medicine.
• Overview of Systematic Reviews of Mindfulness Meditation-based Interventions (MMI's) for People With Long-term Conditions. Pain acceptance and coping were improved. MMIs are potentially beneficial to people with depression and a range of long-term physical conditions, particularly in improving psychological well-being.
• Want a Better Workout? Just Breathe. Breath work, fundamental to Qigong, is being rediscovered as a way to enhance health, athletic performance, and speed muscular recovery after a workout.
• When You Meditate, You Might Also Be Regulating Your Genes. The article should state that you are definitely regulating your gene expression when meditating (e.g. while doing Qigong). For more information see https://qigonginstitute.org/category/15/epigenetics-and-psychoneuroimmunology#QigongGeneExpression.
• Brief 60-second mindfulness practice aids people with musculoskeletal pain.
• Effects of mindfulness exercises as stand-alone intervention on symptoms of anxiety and depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. This is the first meta-analysis to show that the mere, regular performance of mindfulness exercises (e.g. Qigong) is beneficial, even without being integrated in larger therapeutic frameworks.
• China reconnects with the religion of Daoism, under the watchful eye of the Communist Party
• Daisy Lee - FREE National Qigong Association Qi Talk. "To start the year off right, we [the NQA] would like to share with you a free link to our recent one-hour Qi Talks interview with Daisy Lee with Vicki Dello Joio. The Qi Talks archive is an exclusive member benefit, but we are sharing this audio recording for all to enjoy."
• Tai Chi for the homeless.